Product Note
Select online data sheet information is drawn from bioinformatics databases, occasionally resulting in ambiguous or non-relevant product information. It is the responsibility of the customer to review, verify, and evaluate the information to make sure it matches their requirements before purchasing the kit. Our ELISA Kit assays are dynamic research tools and sometimes they may be updated and improved. If the format of this assay is important to you then please request the current manual or contact our
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Other Notes
Small volumes of CytoSelect 96-well Phagocytosis Assay (Red Blood Cell) assay kit vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.
Background: In mammals, phagocytosis by phagocytes (e.g.,macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) is essential for a variety of biological events, including tissue remodeling and the continuous clearance of dying cells. Furthermore, phagocytosis represents an early and crucial event in triggering host defenses against invading pathogens. Phagocytosis comprises a series of events, starting with the binding and recognition of particles by cell surface receptors, followed by the formation of actin-rich membrane extensions around the particle. Fusion of the membrane extensions results in phagosome formation, which precedes phagosome maturation into a phagolysosome. Pathogens inside the phagolysosome are destroyed by lowered pH, hydrolysis, and radical attack (Figure 1). These early events that are mediated by the innate immune system are critical for host survival. As a result of this process, pathogen-derived molecules can be presented at the cell surface (antigen presentation), allowing the induction of acquired immunity. Traditionally, erythrocytes (red blood cells) are commonly used in phagocytosis assay. For FcR mediated phagocytosis, erythrocytes are first opsonized with serum or IgG before they are added to phagocytes. After removal of non-phagocytic erythrocytes, engulfed erythrocytes per phagocyte cell are manually counted (expressed as phagocytosis index or engulfed erythrocytes per phagocyte). This manual counting method is quite cumbersome, time-consuming, and difficult when testing a large number of samples. CytoSelect 96-well Phagocytosis Assay does not involve subjective manual counting of erythrocytes. Instead cells are lyzed and detected by the proprietary erythrocyte substrate in a microtiter plate reader (Figure 2). This format provides a quantitative, high-throughput method to accurately measure phagocytosis. The CytoSelect 96-well Phagocytosis Assay provides a robust system for screening TLR ligands, phagocytosis activators or inhibitors. Each kit provides sufficient quantities to perform 96, 48, 24 tests in a 96, 48, 24-well plate, respectively.
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