Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a widely used laboratory technique that employs antibodies and enzymes to detect and quantify various biomolecules in biological samples. This method involves the use of a substrate that changes color when acted upon by the enzyme, resulting in a visible signal that indicates the presence and quantity of the target molecule.
- ELISA is a highly sensitive assay that can detect molecules at very low concentrations.
- It is commonly used in research and clinical settings for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and more.
- ELISA can also be used to measure the concentration of hormones, cytokines, and other signaling molecules in biological fluids.
- There are various types of ELISA, including direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive assays, each with unique features and applications.
- ELISA is a relatively simple and cost-effective assay that can be performed using standard laboratory equipment.
- However, it has limitations, including the potential for cross-reactivity with related molecules and variability in assay performance due to differences in sample preparation and handling.
- Despite its limitations, ELISA remains a crucial tool in many areas of biomedical research and clinical practice and continues to be improved and modified to enhance its sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use.
