{"id":2464,"date":"2018-10-15T16:51:42","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T16:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/?p=2464"},"modified":"2023-03-13T13:30:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T13:30:05","slug":"std-series-is-there-really-a-threat-related-to-chlamydia-infection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/std-series-is-there-really-a-threat-related-to-chlamydia-infection\/","title":{"rendered":"STD Series: Is There Really A Threat Related To Chlamydia Infection?"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"background-color: #c9c7c7;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"623\">\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 200px;\"><strong><u>Table of Contents<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"#1\"><strong>I. Introduction<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\"><strong>II. Serious health issues related to untreated Chlamydia infection<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Infertility<br \/>\n\u2022 Ectopic pregnancy<br \/>\n\u2022 Complications in pregnancy<br \/>\n\u2022 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)<br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\"><strong>III. Treating Chlamydia in pregnancy<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Antibiotic effectiveness<br \/>\n\u2022 Medication options<br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\"><strong>IV. Prevention of Chlamydia infection in pregnancy<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Refrainment from sexual intimacy<br \/>\n\u2022 Maintaining long-term monogamous relationships with Chlamydia-negative partners<br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\"><strong>V. Effects of Chlamydia on the unborn child<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Conjunctivitis<br \/>\n\u2022 Pneumonia<br \/>\n\u2022 Stillbirth<br \/>\n<a href=\"#6\"><strong>VI. Effects of Chlamydia on men<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Testicle inflammation<br \/>\n\u2022 Sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA)<br \/>\n<a href=\"#7\"><strong>VII. Chlamydia and HIV<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#8\"><strong>VIII. Chlamydia and cancer<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p id=\"1\">Normally, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-48766498-a457-4dbb-9927-0b0bbbec711e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection gets cleared easily with antibiotics. However, in situations where there are no symptoms or if the infection remains untreated, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-112db054-494b-41b2-a961-4b9ee05b6bfa\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> could rise to some serious health issues which varies between male and female.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"2\">Infertility; Ectopic pregnancy; Complication in pregnancy<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"urn:enhancement-10780e55-e0d3-4dea-9cfa-e3803906fa8c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pelvic-inflammatory-disease\">Pelvic inflammatory disease<\/span> or PID- When left untreated <span id=\"urn:enhancement-cfe6925c-56f0-470d-913f-7f72787ce562\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> infection get spread to women reproductive organs, such as womb, fallopian tube and ovaries resulting in the formation of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-0234239e-fc41-48db-8100-a3c6e0a04a57\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pelvic-inflammatory-disease\">Pelvic inflammatory disease<\/span>. This is a serious issue which can ultimately get involved in-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ectopic pregnancy risk, where the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-92e12047-a140-4a36-a82c-441b83b78da6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/fertilized-egg\">fertilized egg<\/span> gets implanted outside the fallopian tube.<\/li>\n<li>Infertility or difficulties in getting pregnant.<\/li>\n<li>Blockage in <span id=\"urn:enhancement-19793d69-4879-4849-bec8-19b0f4efd03e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/fallopian-tubes\">fallopian tubes<\/span> which block the end of the tubes producing a situation called as <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b967ce2a-4290-45a7-891c-54f9291d89a4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/hydrosalpinx\">hydrosalpinx<\/span>. As a result, scar tissue starts to develop surrounding the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4a091d78-bee1-406e-aa0d-abcbbfe2eadf\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/fallopian-tubes\">fallopian tubes<\/span>. Thus, during <span id=\"urn:enhancement-fe3614b4-a5fb-431c-8230-ed255c4dc8bb\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/ovulation\">ovulation<\/span> when eggs are released it cannot enter the fallopian tube which is the main area of fertilization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span id=\"urn:enhancement-25441256-0ee6-488d-9514-1b9d536a221c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pelvic-inflammatory-disease\">Pelvic inflammatory disease<\/span> symptoms are quite overlapping with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-8dbabcc6-9615-4dca-b943-e7956402cdb5\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> infection symptoms.\u00a0 <span id=\"urn:enhancement-f3f3a071-71ef-43d9-8e9d-28f16c8b8c4e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pelvic-pain\">Pelvic pain<\/span>, bleeding in between menstrual period or at the time of sex, pain or discomforts at the time of urination are commonly seen in both. It has been found that 10%-40% of female individual with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d53cdee5-1025-4663-b7af-8ff9c967c60e\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> infection will ultimately develop PID.\u00a0 According to some studies, one in every five infertile individuals may originate from the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1cfeb039-55b6-447a-9e85-643fd872b5c9\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection. In such situations, the obstructions in distal <span id=\"urn:enhancement-8249e870-42c9-492a-8001-04427165bf28\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/fallopian-tubes\">fallopian tubes<\/span> are mostly rectified by the laparoscopic surgical procedure.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0Anyone dealing with infertility, it is advisable to seek medical attention for chlamydia infection.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Complications in pregnancy- if the expected mother is infected, \u00a0there is a high chance that the infection will be passed to the newly born baby while passing through the birth canal.\u00a0 As a result, the baby can have an infection in eyes like <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e5d3c0ec-2f12-4247-b71b-589b58e14b78\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/conjunctivitis\">conjunctivitis<\/span> or lung infection like <span id=\"urn:enhancement-754e6db9-7f65-4d54-b7bc-3977c1403c5b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pneumonia\">pneumonia<\/span>. Additionally, there will be a chance of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-ce16dde2-ec44-46ee-bd4f-e0bda5f61998\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/premature-delivery\">premature delivery<\/span> before 37th week or babies are born with lower birth weight.<\/p>\n<p><em>H<\/em>ow to treat Chlamydia in pregnancy?<\/p>\n<p>Once the infection has been confirmed in pregnant women, treatment must be followed immediately. The clinician or health care providers are required to inform about the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-5d62090a-e017-4eae-9c6d-f17ed8877724\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-creative-work\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/antibiotic\">antibiotic<\/span> effectiveness on individuals patient basis. Medicine such as <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d46aed45-0431-471b-ab7c-29205882aa09\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/doxycycline\">Doxycycline<\/span> is not recommended for the pregnant women when they are in advanced stage of pregnancy like second and third trimesters. According to the <span id=\"urn:enhancement-fab3e86f-784c-497e-804f-7ce149cdfd9f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-organization\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/centers-for-disease-control-and-prevention\">Centers for Disease control and prevention<\/span> or CDC, for pregnant women medication in doctor\u2019s clinic is a safe option for infection control. Research work including human data shows that in comparison to <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3d99005e-dcd2-4d5d-8243-1a2bcee6ee37\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/doxycycline\">Doxycycline<\/span>, ofloxacin and levofloxacin provides lower risk to the unborn baby. Although a high risk during breastfeeding still exists. Once the expected mother is undergoing the therapy treatment, it is advisable to retest within the following 3 to 4 months. Presence of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-741dc58e-95e5-4136-9bdb-6fedfed35e75\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> also persists in advanced stages of pregnancy. Control of infection in the following months of pregnancy could provide a valuable tool to reduce the complication in newly born.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4\">To avoid the presence of the bacterial pathogen <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d3e644bf-7de0-43b8-93eb-6c82e5417171\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span>, refrainment from sexual intimacy is advised and a long-term monologues relation with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b4b9207d-4e5f-4456-9dc5-35afa529e6c4\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> negative person also supports <span id=\"urn:enhancement-aa4d76d0-09fa-4e50-942a-532acdeeee7a\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> free pregnancy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"5\">Think about the unborn child!!!<\/p>\n<p>When a baby born prematurely or after a full <span id=\"urn:enhancement-9553da61-9f2a-4c97-8c5b-f3720d1a7799\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/gestation-period\">gestation period<\/span> is exposed to <span id=\"urn:enhancement-cbf25b8f-d6fc-415f-b30b-ab5ddba64c36\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span>, there is a high chance to develop the infection on the eye. <span id=\"urn:enhancement-c0fe64cf-0724-48aa-ac39-933dbace9c88\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/conjunctivitis\">Conjunctivitis<\/span> is the most commonly seen outcome of maternal <span id=\"urn:enhancement-e3916565-892b-498b-8b9a-e10e3bee1759\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> infection. The symptoms related to <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b863a438-f506-40d9-b085-83af4a549c37\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection mostly seen after 5 to 14 days post birth. Initially water like discharge starts, which follows eyelids swelling and thick conjunctiva. On the other hand, among new-borns with a maternal history of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d1797e9e-d0a9-4011-bd41-3536782bc581\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> infection, 5% to 30% will report developing <span id=\"urn:enhancement-43b1ed40-3415-4ab6-a4a4-9e0c1c696ac1\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pneumonia\">pneumonia<\/span>. In some cases, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4be905b0-b025-4749-8310-50bdf8a07604\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pneumonia\">pneumonia<\/span> develops together with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-88876242-bcc8-40f7-aee8-ef9226163137\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/conjunctivitis\">conjunctivitis<\/span>.\u00a0 This kind of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-bc4891a8-ce9b-4e13-b913-2a6512d419b6\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/pneumonia\">pneumonia<\/span> takes place around 4th to 12th-week post birth and marked with a cough and congestion in the nose.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-b5c5ec8f-f6bb-4b85-b077-6c52b0a95d37\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection could also lead to <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4cb0c67e-8289-4655-9cb7-943c2b9bc5ca\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/stillbirth\">stillbirth<\/span>, although supporting information is limited. Presence of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3ada0e9d-3a02-4027-ae41-652357a53856\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> for a longer period could spread the infection to inner areas like <span id=\"urn:enhancement-50f0091c-1be2-4f68-8e43-8eae83996359\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/endometrium\">endometrium<\/span> resulting in <span id=\"urn:enhancement-0b570a88-0bc7-4ab2-8024-c94a75e4be4b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/miscarriage\">miscarriage<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"6\">What about men?<\/p>\n<p>Testicle inflammation- When left untreated, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-2e9333bc-4a88-456d-a508-93430b550351\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">chlamydia<\/span> may spread to the areas which can affect the male fertility like <span id=\"urn:enhancement-77bc520e-144b-4b9c-b2d2-9cabe6c4af20\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/epididymis\">epididymis<\/span> and testicles resulting in pain and inflammation. If not treated in time, this infection also results in male infertility.<\/p>\n<p>Sexually acquired reactive arthritis or SARA- It can be seen within the first few weeks after the infection.\u00a0 If left untreated, symptoms such as inflammation in the areas like eyes, <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d4f8ff65-a361-4c04-8b40-2695d5090304\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/urethra\">urethra<\/span> or joints start to develop.\u00a0 Although SARA can also be seen in females, mostly male individuals are prone to it. At present there is no treatment option for SARA, however, drugs like ibuprofen can help to give relief.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"7\">Chlamydia and HIV<\/p>\n<p>When a person has one <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1d8d716a-544a-4d1a-85f1-e6ff3502be46\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\">sexually transmitted disease<\/span>, at the same time presence of a second one can complicate the situation. During <span id=\"urn:enhancement-5d96c664-5728-4de9-a1d2-84f432e772b0\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/hiv\">HIV<\/span> infection, Human immunodeficiency virus makes the immune system very weak making it susceptible to another <span id=\"urn:enhancement-6033fe0b-5170-4050-87b0-775c3a9e383f\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\">STD<\/span>-related disease or infection. Thus a person who has already diagnosed with <span id=\"urn:enhancement-26e6c0bf-ddfb-4b05-a73f-27c5aefbdb0b\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/hiv\">HIV<\/span>, there is a high chance to becomes positive for <span id=\"urn:enhancement-d17f4e46-959e-493a-8768-06ef0a14e98c\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"8\">Chlamydia and cancer<\/p>\n<p>It has been observed that a female individual with a <span id=\"urn:enhancement-3c09a4f2-bc03-4662-a768-9c61e019d966\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection may have increased risk of developing <span id=\"urn:enhancement-4e239ff3-0761-4e6f-9663-7a2bbca39d48\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/cervical-cancer\">cervical cancer<\/span>. This observation was confirmed with the help of two cohort study where two control groups were used. As ovarian cancer normally diagnosed at later stages with very poor survival rate, a control of <span id=\"urn:enhancement-1bf1d620-145f-439a-ad3f-41b643d323be\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-thing\" itemid=\"https:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl1503301\/entity\/chlamydia\">Chlamydia<\/span> infection may help to reduce the chance of having ovarian cancer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Serious health issues related to untreated Chlamydia infection \u2022 Infertility \u2022 Ectopic pregnancy \u2022 Complications in pregnancy \u2022 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) III. Treating Chlamydia in pregnancy \u2022 Antibiotic effectiveness \u2022 Medication options IV. Prevention of Chlamydia infection in pregnancy \u2022 Refrainment from sexual intimacy \u2022 Maintaining long-term monogamous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-2464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-chlamydia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2464"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}