{"id":3035,"date":"2018-12-25T03:26:08","date_gmt":"2018-12-25T03:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/?p=3035"},"modified":"2023-03-11T09:47:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-11T09:47:05","slug":"lung-cancer-identified-as-one-of-the-most-common-malignancy-globally","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/lung-cancer-identified-as-one-of-the-most-common-malignancy-globally\/","title":{"rendered":"Lung Cancer Claims More Lives than other Types of Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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Table of Contents<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n

I. Introduction<\/strong><\/a>
\nII. Risk Factors for Lung Cancer<\/strong><\/a>
\nIII. Diagnosis of Lung Cancer<\/strong><\/a>
\nIV. Types of Lung Cancer<\/strong><\/a>
\nA. Small Cell Lung Cancer
\nB. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
\nV. Drugs used for Hypertension, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), at Increased Risk of Lung Cancer<\/strong><\/a>
\nVI. Treatment Advances<\/strong><\/a>
\nA. Tecentriq in Combination with Avastin and Chemotherapy
\nB. BRAF inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
\nVII. Interventional Pulmonology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cance<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Lung Cancer Identified as One of the Most Common Malignancy<\/span> Globally<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lung cancer is considered the leading cause of death among men and the second cause of death among women globally. It claims more lives than the ovarian, breast and colon cancers combined mainly because of the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis.<\/p>\n

The inhaling of carcinogens<\/span> with smoking is identified as one of the major risk factors for the development of lung cancer. As smoking can damage the lung tissue, which the body generally repairs initially, but the continued long-term exposure damages the lining of the lungs resulting in the development of cancer. Some of the other risk factors include exposure to chemicals or toxins over a long period of time which can also make changes and damages to the lung cells. Also, according to the Cancer Genome Atlas, genetic mutations<\/span> have been identified in several genes; KRAS (32.2%), BRAF<\/span> (7.0%), EGFR<\/span> 11.3%), ERBB2 (1.7%), ALK fusion (1.3%), MET exon14 (4.3%), RET fusion (0.9%), ROSI fusion (1.7%) and others.<\/p>\n

The diagnosis of lung cancer is normally based on CT or PET<\/span> scans, tissue sampling, sputum or blood testing. Identification of lung cancer in the early stage can be difficult as the symptoms appear to be similar to those of a respiratory infection. If the disease had spread to other parts of the body, it is mostly not curable although the treatment is focused on providing relief from the symptoms and to enable the individual to live longer. According to the Centers for Disease and Prevention, individuals should have an annual lung cancer if they have a history of heavy smoking and are between the ages of 50 and 80 years old.<\/p>\n

The lung cancer is typically diagnosed into two types; small cell<\/span> lung cancer and the most common form, the non-small cell lung cancer.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC<\/span>):<\/strong> This is aggressive cancer accounting for about 10 \u2013 15% of all lung cancers where affected individuals frequently present with an advanced stage of the disease. Although most of the patients respond to first-line chemotherapy<\/span>, the prognosis remains poor. The two types of SCLC<\/span> are small cell carcinoma<\/span> and combined small cell carcinoma<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC<\/span>): <\/span><\/strong>NSCLC represents around 85% of all lung cancers with an overall 5 year survival rate of 17%, ie., 10-14 months approximately. Over the last decade, important advances have helped with the identification of genetic driver alterations and for the development of novel therapies which has improved the outcomes of these affected individuals. One of the most common subtypes of NSCLC<\/span> is lung adenocarcinoma<\/span> which is the abnormal growth of peripheral glandular epithelial tissue.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Drugs used for Hypertension, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), at Increased Risk of Lung Cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Research indicates that one of the effective drugs used for the treatment of hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), could be associated with the development of cancer, including lung cancer. Although the use of ACEIs indicates safety for a long term, it results in the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the lungs which is reported to contribute to the growth of lung cancer. In a population-based cohort study published in the BMJ, it used the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) which included data from around 700 general practices comprising of about 15 million patients. This study shows that the use of ACEIs is associated with a 14% increased risk of developing lung cancer and for individuals who continue ACEIs for a longer duration such as 10 years, the risk increases further.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

Treatment Advances<\/strong><\/p>\n