{"id":9432,"date":"2024-07-17T17:58:12","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T17:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/?p=9432"},"modified":"2025-06-05T21:02:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T21:02:10","slug":"best-practices-for-elisa-sample-handling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/best-practices-for-elisa-sample-handling\/","title":{"rendered":"Best Practices for ELISA Sample Handling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\">In ELISA, documentation\u00a0is critical for\u00a0tracking\u00a0validation\u00a0steps and ensuring\u00a0consistency\u00a0throughout the process. Proper\u00a0labeling\u00a0of samples and reagents is essential to avoid mix-ups. Using a calibrated\u00a0pipette\u00a0for accurate measurements helps in minimizing\u00a0variability\u00a0and\u00a0pipetting errors, which are common in ELISA assays.\u00a0Optimization\u00a0of reagent\u00a0concentrations\u00a0and adherence to the\u00a0protocol\u00a0improves\u00a0assay performance\u00a0and\u00a0reproducibility. For example, maintaining proper\u00a0incubation\u00a0times and room temperature conditions is necessary to achieve reliable results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\">Proper sample preparation is very important because it affects how accurate and reliable the ELISA test is. This process includes steps to reduce interference, keep the sample intact, and create the best conditions for the test. For safety, different levels of protection are needed based on how contagious the materials are. Basic protective clothing helps prevent sample contamination and incorrect results. Essential safety gear includes a lab coat, gloves, eye protection, and sometimes a fume hood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9435 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.2-300x113.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Storage of Samples:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Avoid Contamination: <\/b><\/span>Follow the manufacturer&#8217;s guidelines for storing samples.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Label and Seal:<\/b> <\/span>Ensure samples are properly labeled and sealed to prevent drying out or evaporation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>T<\/b><b>imely Analysis: <\/b><\/span>Analyze samples as soon as possible for accurate results.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Sample Collection:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Follow Rules:<\/span> <\/b>Adhere to legal guidelines for sample collection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>I<\/b><b>nform Customers:<\/b> <\/span>Let customers know how much sample is needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Reflect <\/b><b>the <\/b><b>Condition:<\/b><\/span> Ensure results accurately reflect the condition of the received sample.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Sample Preparation:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>F<\/b><b>ollow Instructions:<\/b><\/span> Adhere to test kit instructions for mixing and extracting the analyte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Use Proper Equipment:<\/span> <\/b>Ensure all equipment is suitable and well-maintained.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Timing: <\/b><\/span>Prepare samples just before analysis or store them as directed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Using Frozen Samples:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Thawing:<\/b> <\/span>Thaw samples completely at 4\u00b0C or room temperature, depending on the stability of the analyte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Mixing:<\/b><\/span> Mix liquid samples thoroughly without creating foam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Avoid Repeated Freezing:<\/b> <\/span>Store samples in aliquots at -20\u00b0C to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles and maintain sample quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"isPasted\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Resource Optimization:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\">To enhance efficiency, it&#8217;s crucial to manage resources\u00a0like assay plates, wash buffers, and reagents effectively. Employing a reliable\u00a0plate washer\u00a0and adhering to protocols for washing steps can significantly reduce\u00a0background\u00a0signals and improve\u00a0sensitivity. Regular\u00a0data analysis\u00a0\u00a0ensures that the\u00a0assay performance\u00a0meets expected standards, especially when dealing with low\u00a0analyte\u00a0concentrations.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9434 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.3.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.3-300x113.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Cell Culture Supernatant:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Centrifuge:<\/span> <\/b>Spin media at 1,500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store:<\/b> <\/span>Aliquot and store the supernatant at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Cell Extract:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Prepare:<\/b><\/span> Place tissue culture plates on ice and wash cells with ice-cold PBS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Extract: <\/b><\/span>Add 0.5 mL extraction buffer per 100 mm plate, scrape cells, collect in a chilled tube, vortex briefly, and incubate on ice for 15-30 minutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Centrifuge:<\/span> <\/b>Spin at 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store:<\/b><\/span> Aliquot the supernatant and store at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Conditioned Medium:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Grow Cells:<\/b><\/span> Use serum-containing medium until cells reach desired confluence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Prepare Medium:<\/span> <\/b>Wash with warm PBS, add serum-free medium, and incubate for 1-2 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Centrifuge:<\/b> <\/span>Spin medium at 1,500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store:<\/b><\/span> Aliquot and store the supernatant at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Milk, Urine, Saliva:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Centrifuge:<\/span> <\/b>Spin at 10,000 x g for 2 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store: <\/b><\/span>Aliquot the supernatant and store at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Plasma:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Collect Blood:<\/span> <\/b>Use an anti-coagulant tube and centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store:<\/b><\/span> Aliquot the supernatant (plasma) and store at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Serum:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Collect Blood: <\/b><\/span>Use an untreated tube and incubate at room temperature for 20 minutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Centrifuge:<\/span> <\/b>Spin at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store: <\/b><\/span>Aliquot the supernatant (serum) and store at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Tissue Extract:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Dissect Tissue:<\/b> <\/span>Work on ice, snap freeze in liquid nitrogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Extract:<\/b> <\/span>Add ~300 \u00b5L extraction buffer per ~5 mg tissue, homogenize, and rinse the blade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Agitate:<\/b><\/span> Mix for 2 hours at 4\u00b0C, then centrifuge for 20 minutes at 13,000 rpm at 4\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Store:<\/b><\/span> Aliquot the supernatant and store at -80\u00b0C. Avoid repeated freeze\/thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>General Recommendations:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Protein Concentration:<\/span> <\/b>Aim for a concentration of \u22651-2 mg\/mL.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Dilution:<\/b> <\/span>Dilute serum, plasma, cell, and tissue extracts 50% with binding buffer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Centrifuge Thawed Samples:<\/b><\/span> Spin at 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes at 4\u00b0C before use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Reagent Preparation and Quality Control:<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proper\u00a0reagent preparation\u00a0and validation are key to achieving reliable\u00a0assay performance. Consistent\u00a0labeling\u00a0and control of reagents, along with tracking usage and storage, contribute to the overall reliability of the ELISA procedure. Implementing stringent quality controls ensures that\u00a0analyte\u00a0concentrations are measured accurately and that results are reproducible.<\/span>t 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes at 4\u00b0C before use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9433 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"476\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.4.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/13.4-300x113.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Storage Duration Limits:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>2-8\u00b0C:<\/b> Suitable for up to 5 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">-20\u00b0C:<\/b><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\"> Suitable for up to 6 months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">-80\u00b0C: <\/b><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Suitable for up to 2 years<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b style=\"font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Liquid nitrogen: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Suitable for indefinite storage with proper methods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Avoiding Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\">Divide samples into smaller aliquots to reduce the need for multiple freeze-thaw cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Thaw samples quickly in a 15-25\u00b0C water bath and use them immediately.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">If refreezing, do so promptly after thawing to minimize sample degradation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Storage of Kits:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Store at 2-8\u00b0C in a dry place; avoid freezing components.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Follow the expiry date on the label.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Prevent kits from freezing to avoid damage and invalid results.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>First In, First Out:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Use kits with the shortest expiry date first.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Note the date of first use on the kit box to prevent mix-ups.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Pre-Warming:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Bring all reagents to room temperature (20-25\u00b0C) before use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Return components to storage conditions promptly after use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\"><b>Storage of Unused Components:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" width=\"50%\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #000000;\">Store unused microtiter plates in a resealable bag with desiccant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: medium; font-family: inherit;\">Store all components upright and securely closed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; text-decoration: underline;\"><b>Sample Processing<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In Elisa sample processing, c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">entrifugation <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">is used t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">o remove cell<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ular components<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> and debris, which is important for getting clean supernatant.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Further cleaning the samples by removing leftover particles <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">through depth or membrane filtration methods<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. This step ensures the samples are free from any contaminants that could affect the test results.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section style=\"background-color: #e8f4f8; padding: 30px; margin-top: 40px; border-radius: 8px; text-align: center;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #004466; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Explore Our Full Range of ELISA Kits<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 1.1em; color: #333; max-width: 600px; margin: auto;\">\n    Whether you&#8217;re testing human, animal, or plant samples, MyBioSource offers over 1 million ELISA kits covering thousands of analytes across every major species.\n  <\/p>\n<p>  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/elisa-kits\" style=\"display: inline-block; margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 25px; background-color: #0077aa; color: #fff; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px;\"><br \/>\n    Browse ELISA Kits<br \/>\n  <\/a><br \/>\n<\/section>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>References <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bloomer, R. J. (2015). Considerations in the Measurement of Testosterone in Saliva and Serum using ELISA Procedures.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>5<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(1), 116-122.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Besnard, L., Fabre, V., Fettig, M., Gousseinov, E., Kawakami, Y., Laroudie, N., &#8230; &amp; Pattnaik, P. (2016). Clarification of vaccines: An overview of filter-based technology trends and best practices. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Biotechnology advances<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>34<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(1), 1-13.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Parandakh, A., Ymbern, O., Jogia, W., Renault, J., Ng, A., &amp; Juncker, D. (2023). 3D-printed capillaries ELISA-on-a-chip with aliquoting. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Lab on a Chip<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>23<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(6), 1547-1560.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Sanjay Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Dharam Malhotra, Shruti Dhar, Anil Nichani. Standardization and comparison of serial dilution and single dilution enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using different antigenic preparations of the Babesia (Theileria) equi parasite. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Veterinary Research<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, 2003, 34 (1), pp.71-83.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Colella, A. P., Prakash, A., &amp; Miklavcic, J. J. (2024). Homogenization and thermal processing reduce the concentration of extracellular vesicles in bovine milk. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Food Science &amp; Nutrition<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>12<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">(1), 131-140.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Rey, G., Schuetz, F., Schroeder, D., Kaluschke, C., Wendeler, M. W., Hofmann, I., &#8230; &amp; Obrdlik, P. (2024). Automated ELISA for potency measurements of therapeutic antibodies and antibody fragments. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>245<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, 116141.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In ELISA, documentation\u00a0is critical for\u00a0tracking\u00a0validation\u00a0steps and ensuring\u00a0consistency\u00a0throughout the process. Proper\u00a0labeling\u00a0of samples and reagents is essential to avoid mix-ups. Using a calibrated\u00a0pipette\u00a0for accurate measurements helps in minimizing\u00a0variability\u00a0and\u00a0pipetting errors, which are common in ELISA assays.\u00a0Optimization\u00a0of reagent\u00a0concentrations\u00a0and adherence to the\u00a0protocol\u00a0improves\u00a0assay performance\u00a0and\u00a0reproducibility. For example, maintaining proper\u00a0incubation\u00a0times and room temperature conditions is necessary to achieve reliable results. Proper sample preparation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9432"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9633,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9432\/revisions\/9633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mybiosource.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}