NP_001488.2
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NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
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UniProt Primary Accession #
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UniProt Secondary Accession #
UniProt Related Accession #
Molecular Weight
42,538 Da
NCBI Official Full Name
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
NCBI Official Synonym Full Names
UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
GT1; GTB; CDG2D; GGTB2; B4GAL-T1; beta4Gal-T1 [Similar Products]
NCBI Protein Information
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
UniProt Protein Name
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
UDP-Gal:beta-GlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
UniProt Entry Name
B4GT1_HUMAN
NCBI Summary for b4GALT1
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. This gene is unique among the beta4GalT genes because it encodes an enzyme that participates both in glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis. For the first activity, the enzyme adds galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues that are either monosaccharides or the nonreducing ends of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The second activity is restricted to lactating mammary tissues where the enzyme forms a heterodimer with alpha-lactalbumin to catalyze UDP-galactose + D-glucose <=> UDP + lactose. The two enzymatic forms result from alternate transcription initiation sites and post-translational processing. Two transcripts, which differ only at the 5' end, with approximate lengths of 4.1 kb and 3.9 kb encode the same protein. The longer transcript encodes the type II membrane-bound, trans-Golgi resident protein involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The shorter transcript encodes a protein which is cleaved to form the soluble lactose synthase. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Comments for b4GALT1
B4GALT1: The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids. Defects in B4GALT1 are the cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2D (CDG2D). CDGs are a family of severe inherited diseases caused by a defect in protein N- glycosylation. They are characterized by under-glycosylated serum proteins. These multisystem disorders present with a wide variety of clinical features, such as disorders of the nervous system development, psychomotor retardation, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, coagulation disorders, and immunodeficiency. The broad spectrum of features reflects the critical role of N-glycoproteins during embryonic development, differentiation, and maintenance of cell functions. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 7 family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative initiation.
Protein type: EC 2.4.1.22; EC 2.4.1.90; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Glycan Metabolism - N-glycan biosynthesis; Glycan Metabolism - glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series; Carbohydrate Metabolism - galactose; EC 2.4.1.38; Cell development/differentiation; Glycan Metabolism - keratan sulfate biosynthesis; Transferase; Membrane protein, integral; Cell adhesion; Cell surface
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9p13
Cellular Component: glycocalyx; Golgi apparatus; desmosome; extracellular space; brush border membrane; Golgi trans cisterna; basolateral plasma membrane; integral to membrane; Golgi membrane; membrane; plasma membrane; external side of plasma membrane; filopodium
Molecular Function: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity; protein homodimerization activity; N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity; lactose synthase activity; manganese ion binding; cytoskeletal protein binding; beta-tubulin binding; UDP-galactosyltransferase activity; galactosyltransferase activity; alpha-tubulin binding
Biological Process: keratan sulfate metabolic process; extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis; glycosaminoglycan metabolic process; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing; oligosaccharide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution; regulation of acrosome reaction; pathogenesis; lactose biosynthetic process; negative regulation of cell proliferation; mammary gland development; development of secondary sexual characteristics; single fertilization; penetration of zona pellucida; epithelial cell development; cell adhesion; Notch signaling pathway; binding of sperm to zona pellucida; protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation; regulation of cell motility; post-translational protein modification; angiogenesis involved in wound healing; multicellular organism reproduction; cellular protein metabolic process; branching morphogenesis of a tube; keratan sulfate biosynthetic process; carbohydrate metabolic process; galactose metabolic process; protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via asparagine; leukocyte migration; acute inflammatory response
Disease: Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type Iid
Research Articles on b4GALT1
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Products associated with b4GALT1 elisa kit
Pathways associated with b4GALT1 elisa kit
Diseases associated with b4GALT1 elisa kit
Disease Name |
Pubmed Publications |
Neoplasms, Experimental Antibodies |
>2 publications with b4GALT1 and Neoplasms, Experimental |
Breast Neoplasms Antibodies |
>2 publications with b4GALT1 and Breast Neoplasms |
Inflammation Antibodies |
>2 publications with b4GALT1 and Inflammation |
Neoplasm Metastasis Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Neoplasm Metastasis |
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Carcinoma, Hepatocellular |
Infertility, Male Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Infertility, Male |
Infertility, Female Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Infertility, Female |
Disease Models, Animal Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Disease Models, Animal |
Liver Diseases Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Liver Diseases |
Necrosis Antibodies |
>1 publications with b4GALT1 and Necrosis |
Organs/Tissues associated with b4GALT1 elisa kit
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