NP_835279.2
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NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
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UniProt Primary Accession #
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UniProt Secondary Accession #
UniProt Related Accession #
Molecular Weight
62,022 Da
NCBI Official Full Name
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2
NCBI Official Synonym Full Names
protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
A830082D05; AMPKalpha2; 2310008I11Rik [Similar Products]
NCBI Protein Information
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2
UniProt Protein Name
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase (EC:2.7.11.27); ACACA kinase; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase (EC:2.7.11.31); HMGCR kinase
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
UniProt Entry Name
AAPK2_MOUSE
UniProt Comments for Prkaa2
AMPKA2: a catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Acts as an energy sensor, playing a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. A protein kinase of the CAMKL family whose activation is regulated by the balance between ADP/AMP/ATP, and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Acts as a metabolic stress-sensing protein kinase switching off biosynthetic pathways when cellular ATP levels are depleted and when 5'-ADP and -AMP rise in response to fuel limitation and/or hypoxia. Activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes. Restores ATP levels in cells by switching off anabolic and switching on catabolic pathways. Activated primarily by rising ADP levels and not, as previously thought, solely by AMP. AMPK resembles an adenylate charge regulatory system in which anabolic and catabolic pathways are regulated by adenine nucleotide ratios. Acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes and transcription regulators. Regulates fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Regulates cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating hormone-sensitive lipase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Activated by at least two distinct upstream kinases: the tumor suppressor LKB1 and CaMKK2. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton, probably by indirectly activating myosin. AMPK is a heterotrimer of an alpha catalytic subunit (AMPKA1 or -2), a beta (AMPKB1 or -2) and a gamma non-catalytic subunit (AMPKG1, -2 or -3). Different possible combinations of subunits give rise to 12 different holoenzymes. Binding of ADP or AMP to non-catalytic gamma subunit (PRKAG1, -2 or -3) results in allosteric activation. AMPK is activated by antihyperglycemic drug metformin, a drug prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes: in vivo, metformin seems to mainly inhibit liver gluconeogenesis. However, metformin can be used to activate AMPK in muscle and other cells in culture or ex vivo. Selectively inhibited by compound C (6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine. Activated by resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in red wine, and S17834, a synthetic polyphenol. Salicylate/aspirin directly activates kinase activity. Studies in the mouse suggest that AMPK2 may control whole-body insulin sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial energy homeostasis during ischemia.
Protein type: EC 2.7.11.31; EC 2.7.11.1; Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.27; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Protein kinase, CAMK; Autophagy; CAMK group; CAMKL family; AMPK subfamily
Cellular Component: AMP-activated protein kinase complex; apical plasma membrane; cytoplasm; nucleus; protein complex
Molecular Function: [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity; [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity; AMP-activated protein kinase activity; ATP binding; chromatin binding; histone serine kinase activity; kinase activity; metal ion binding; nucleotide binding; protein binding; protein binding, bridging; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity; transferase activity
Biological Process: autophagy; cellular response to glucose starvation; cellular response to nutrient levels; cholesterol biosynthetic process; cholesterol metabolic process; chromatin modification; fatty acid biosynthetic process; fatty acid homeostasis; fatty acid metabolic process; glucose homeostasis; lipid biosynthetic process; lipid metabolic process; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of TOR signaling pathway; phosphorylation; positive regulation of autophagy; positive regulation of glycolysis; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein heterooligomerization; regulation of circadian rhythm; regulation of gene expression; regulation of lipid metabolic process; regulation of macroautophagy; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; response to activity; response to caffeine; response to muscle activity; response to stress; rhythmic process; steroid biosynthetic process; steroid metabolic process; sterol biosynthetic process; transcription, DNA-dependent; Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Research Articles on Prkaa2
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