P06727
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UniProt Secondary Accession #
Molecular Weight
45.4 kDa
UniProt Protein Name
Apolipoprotein A-IV
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
Apolipoprotein A4
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
UniProt Entry Name
APOA4_HUMAN
NCBI Summary for APOA4
Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Comments for APOA4
APOA4: May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons. Synthesized primarily in the intestine and secreted in plasma. Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.
Protein type: Lipid-binding; Secreted, signal peptide; Endoplasmic reticulum; Cell adhesion; Secreted
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q23
Cellular Component: cell surface; chylomicron; cytosol; early endosome; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space
Molecular Function: antioxidant activity; cholesterol binding; cholesterol transporter activity; copper ion binding; lipid binding; lipid transporter activity; phosphatidylcholine binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity
Biological Process: cellular protein metabolic process; cholesterol biosynthetic process; cholesterol efflux; cholesterol homeostasis; cholesterol metabolic process; fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process; hydrogen peroxide catabolic process; innate immune response in mucosa; leukocyte adhesion; lipid homeostasis; lipid transport; lipoprotein metabolic process; multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process; neurite regeneration; phosphatidylcholine metabolic process; phospholipid efflux; phototransduction, visible light; positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity; protein-lipid complex assembly; regulation of cholesterol absorption; regulation of cholesterol transport; removal of superoxide radicals; response to lipid hydroperoxide; retinoid metabolic process; reverse cholesterol transport; triacylglycerol catabolic process; vitamin metabolic process
Product References and Citations for APOA4 recombinant protein
Structure, evolution, and tissue-specific synthesis of human apolipoprotein AIV.Karathanasis S.K., Yunis I.Biochemistry 25:3962-3970(1986)
Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4)
.Karathanasis S.K., Oettgen P., Haddad I.A., Antonarakis S.E.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:8457-8461(1986)
Structure and expression of the human apolipoprotein A-IV gene.Elshourbagy N.A., Walker D.W., Paik Y.K., Boguski M.S., Freeman M., Gordon J.I., Taylor J.M.J. Biol. Chem. 262:7973-7981(1987)
The primary structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV.Yang C., Gu Z.W., Xiong W., Rosseneu M., Yang H.X., Lee B.M., Gotto A.M. Jr., Chan L.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1002:231-237(1989)
The effects of scale
variation in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster.Fullerton S.M., Buchanan A.V., Sonpar V.A., Taylor S.L., Smith J.D., Carlson C.S., Salomaa V., Stengaard J.H., Boerwinkle E., Clark A.G., Nickerson D.A., Weiss K.M.Hum. Genet. 115:36-56(2004)
Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G., Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y.Nature 440:497-500(2006)
The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of human apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA and the close linkage of its gene to the genes of apolipoproteins A-I and C-III.Elshourbagy N.A., Walker D.W., Boguski M.S., Gordon J.I., Taylor J.M.J. Biol. Chem. 261:1998-2002(1986)
Biosynthesis of human preapolipoprotein A-IV.Gordon J.I., Bisgaier C.L., Sims H.F., Sachdev O.P., Glickman R.M., Strauss A.W.J. Biol. Chem. 259:468-474(1984)
Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-IV.Lohse P., Brewer H.B. Jr.Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2:90-95(1991)
Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV is due to nucleotide substitutions in the apolipoprotein A-IV gene.Lohse P., Kindt M.R., Rader D.J., Brewer H.B. Jr.J. Biol. Chem. 265:10061-10064(1990)
Human plasma apolipoproteins A-IV-0 and A-IV-3. Molecular basis for two rare variants of apolipoprotein A-IV-1.Lohse P., Kindt M.R., Rader D.J., Brewer H.B. Jr.J. Biol. Chem. 265:12734-12739(1990)
Initial characterization of the human central proteome.Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011)
The structure of dimeric apolipoprotein A-IV and its mechanism of self-association.Deng X., Morris J., Dressmen J., Tubb M.R., Tso P., Jerome W.G., Davidson W.S., Thompson T.B.Structure 20:767-779(2012)
The mutation causing the common apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism is a glutamine to histidine substitution of amino acid 360.Tenkanen H., Lukka M., Jauhiainen M., Metso J., Baumann M., Peltonen L., Ehnholm C.Arterioscler. Thromb. 11:851-856(1991)
Three genetic variants of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV
apoA-IV-1(Thr-347-->Ser)
, apoA-IV-0(Lys-167-->Glu,Gln-360-->His)
, and apoA-IV-3(Glu-165-->Lys)
.Lohse P., Kindt M.R., Rader D.J., Brewer H.B. Jr.J. Biol. Chem. 266:13513-13518(1991)
ErratumLohse P., Kindt M.R., Rader D.J., Brewer H.B. Jr.J. Biol. Chem. 266:19866-19866(1991)
Nonsynonymous polymorphic sites in the apolipoprotein (apo)
A-IV gene are associated with changes in the concentration of apo B- and apo A-I-containing lipoproteins in a normal population.von Eckardstein A., Funke H., Schulte M., Erren M., Schulte H., Assmann G.Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50:1115-1128(1992)
A novel polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-IV is the result of an asparagine to serine substitution at residue 127.Tenkanen H., Koskinen P., Metso J., Baumann M., Lukka M., Kauppinen-Makelin R., Kontula K., Taskinen M.R., Manttari M., Manninen V., Ehnholm C.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1138:27-33(1992)
Molecular basis of a unique African variant (A-IV 5)
of human apolipoprotein A-IV and its significance in lipid metabolism.Kamboh M.I., Williams E.R., Law J.C., Aston C.E., Bunker C.H., Ferrell R.E., Pollitzer W.S.Genet. Epidemiol. 9:379-388(1992)
Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in the Hungarian population
gene frequencies, effect on lipid levels, and sequence of two new variants.Menzel H.J., Dieplinger H., Sandholzer C., Karadi I., Utermann G., Csaszar A.Hum. Mutat. 5:58-65(1995)
Two novel apolipoprotein A-IV variants in individuals with familial combined hyperlipidemia and diminished levels of lipoprotein lipase activity.Deeb S.S., Nevin D.N., Iwasaki L., Brunzell J.D.3.3.CO;2-T>Hum. Mutat. 8:319-325(1996)
Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis.Halushka M.K., Fan J.-B., Bentley K., Hsie L., Shen N., Weder A., Cooper R., Lipshutz R., Chakravarti A.Nat. Genet. 22:239-247(1999)
An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L., Ye M., Zou H.J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014)
Research Articles on APOA4
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