Unconventional myosin
Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments (By similarity).
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Unconventional myosin heavy chain 6
Unconventional myosin-Ia
Involved in directing the movement of organelles along actin filaments.
Unconventional myosin-Ib
MYO1B: Motor protein that may participate in process critical to neuronal development and function such as cell migration, neurite outgrowth and vesicular transport. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Actin-binding; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: actin filament; apical part of cell; brush border; cell-cell adherens junction; cytoplasm; early endosome; endosome membrane; filopodium; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; trans-Golgi network membrane
Molecular Function: actin filament binding; actin-dependent ATPase activity; ATP binding; microfilament motor activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
Biological Process: actin filament bundle formation; actin filament organization; actin filament-based movement; post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
Unconventional myosin-Ic
Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments. Involved in glucose transporter recycling in response to insulin by regulating movement of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane. Component of the hair cell's (the sensory cells of the inner ear) adaptation-motor complex. Acts as a mediator of adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in stereocilia of vestibular hair cells. Binds phosphoinositides and links the actin cytoskeleton to cellular membranes ().
Unconventional myosin-Ic-A
Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments (). Involved in egg activation by coupling dynamic actin to membrane.
Unconventional myosin-Id
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17q11-q12
Cellular Component: axon; basolateral plasma membrane; brush border; cell soma; cytoplasmic vesicle; endosome; myelin sheath; neuron projection
Molecular Function: actin filament binding; actin-dependent ATPase activity; calmodulin binding; protein domain specific binding
Biological Process: cellular localization
Unconventional myosin-Ie
MYO1E: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. Binds to membranes containing anionic phospholipids via its tail domain. Required for normal morphology of the glomerular basement membrane, normal development of foot processes by kidney podocytes and normal kidney function. In dendritic cells, may control the movement of class II-containing cytoplasmic vesicles along the actin cytoskeleton by connecting them with the actin network via ARL14EP and ARL14. Defects in MYO1E are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis type 6 (FSGS6). A renal pathology defined by the presence of segmental sclerosis in glomeruli and resulting in proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate and progressive decline in renal function. Renal insufficiency often progresses to end-stage renal disease, a highly morbid state requiring either dialysis therapy or kidney transplantation. FSGS6 is a childhood-onset disorder resulting in nephrotic syndrome, which includes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
Protein type: Actin-binding; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: adherens junction; brush border; clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction; protein complex
Molecular Function: actin filament binding; ATPase activity, coupled; calmodulin binding; phosphoinositide binding; protein complex binding
Biological Process: endocytosis; glomerular basement membrane development; glomerular filtration; hemopoiesis; in utero embryonic development; kidney development; nitrogen compound metabolic process; platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; post-embryonic hemopoiesis; vasculogenesis
Unconventional myosin-If
Protein type: Actin-binding; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: cortical actin cytoskeleton; filamentous actin
Biological Process: defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; negative regulation of cell adhesion; neutrophil degranulation; neutrophil mediated immunity; positive regulation of cell migration; regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; regulation of innate immune response
Unconventional myosin-Ig
Protein type: Contractile; Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p13
Cellular Component: membrane; phagocytic cup; plasma membrane
Molecular Function: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
Biological Process: T cell mediated immunity
Unconventional myosin-Ih
Protein type: Motor
Unconventional myosin-IXa
MYO9A: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Regulates Rho activity in neurons, has a role in the regulation of neuronal morphology and function. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: GAPs; GAPs, Rac/Rho; Membrane protein, integral; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Unconventional myosin-IXb
MYO9B: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. May be involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Binds actin with high affinity both in the absence and presence of ATP and its mechanochemical activity is inhibited by calcium ions. Also acts as a GTPase activating protein on Rho. Genetic variation in MYO9B is the cause of susceptibility to celiac disease type 4 (CELIAC4). It is a multifactorial disorder of the small intestine that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins. In its classic form, celiac disease is characterized in children by malabsorption and failure to thrive. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Actin-binding; GAPs; GAPs, Rac/Rho; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: actin filament; cell cortex; cytoplasm; filopodium tip; lamellipodium; membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; ruffle
Molecular Function: actin binding; actin filament binding; actin-dependent ATPase activity; ADP binding; ATP binding; ATP-dependent protein binding; ATPase activity; calmodulin binding; GTPase activator activity; microfilament motor activity; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; Rho GTPase binding; Roundabout binding; zinc ion binding
Biological Process: actin filament-based movement; ARF protein signal transduction; establishment of cell polarity; macrophage chemotaxis; monocyte chemotaxis; positive regulation of GTPase activity; regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; Rho protein signal transduction
Unconventional myosin-Va
MYO5A: Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation. May be a homodimer, which associates with multiple calmodulin or myosin light chains. Binds MLPH and MYRIP. Interacts with RIPL2, the interaction is required for its role in dendrite formation. Detected in melanocytes. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: actin filament; actomyosin; actomyosin, myosin complex part; axon; cell soma; cytoplasm; cytosol; dendrite; early endosome; endoplasmic reticulum; filopodium tip; Golgi apparatus; intermediate filament; late endosome; lysosome; melanosome; membrane; myosin complex; neuron projection; peroxisome; photoreceptor outer segment; recycling endosome; ribonucleoprotein complex; ruffle; secretory granule; synaptic vesicle; vesicle
Molecular Function: actin binding; ATP binding; ATP-dependent protein binding; calcium ion binding; calcium-dependent protein binding; calmodulin binding; microfilament motor activity; motor activity; protein binding; protein dimerization activity; protein heterodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; Rab GTPase binding; SNARE binding; syntaxin-1 binding
Biological Process: actin filament-based movement; cellular response to insulin stimulus; ER localization; exocytosis; insulin secretion; locomotion during locomotory behavior; long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process; melanin biosynthetic process; melanin metabolic process; melanocyte differentiation; melanosome localization; melanosome transport; myelination; neuromuscular process controlling balance; odontogenesis; pigmentation; pigmentation during development; post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; regulation of exocytosis; regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity; secretory granule localization; synapse organization and biogenesis; synaptic transmission; vesicle transport along actin filament; vesicle-mediated transport; visual perception
Unconventional myosin-Vb
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 18q21
Cellular Component: apical cortex; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; protein complex; recycling endosome
Molecular Function: microfilament motor activity; protein binding; Rab GTPase binding
Biological Process: endosome localization; renal water homeostasis; vesicle-mediated transport
Disease: Diarrhea 2, With Microvillus Atrophy
Unconventional myosin-Vc
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 15q21
Unconventional myosin-VI
MYO6: a molecular motor involved in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport. It is one of the so-called unconventional myosins.
Protein type: Actin-binding; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: cell cortex; clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle; coated pit; cytoplasm; cytoplasmic vesicle; DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme; endocytic vesicle; filamentous actin; Golgi apparatus; nuclear membrane; nucleoplasm; nucleus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; ruffle
Molecular Function: actin filament binding; ADP binding; calmodulin binding; motor activity
Biological Process: actin filament-based movement; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; endocytosis; intracellular protein transport; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; regulation of secretion
Unconventional myosin-VIIa
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: apical plasma membrane; cytoplasm; cytosol; lysosomal membrane; melanosome; microvillus; myosin complex; photoreceptor connecting cilium; photoreceptor inner segment; photoreceptor outer segment; stereocilium; synapse
Molecular Function: actin binding; actin filament binding; actin-dependent ATPase activity; ADP binding; ATP binding; calmodulin binding; microfilament motor activity; motor activity; protein binding; protein complex binding; protein domain specific binding; protein homodimerization activity; protein N-terminus binding; spectrin binding
Biological Process: actin filament-based movement; auditory receptor cell differentiation; auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis; cell projection organization and biogenesis; equilibrioception; inner ear development; inner ear morphogenesis; inner ear receptor cell differentiation; inner ear receptor stereocilium organization and biogenesis; intracellular protein transport; lysosome organization and biogenesis; mechanoreceptor differentiation; phagocytosis; phagolysosome formation; pigment granule localization; pigment granule transport; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; sensory perception; sensory perception of light stimulus; sensory perception of sound; visual perception
Unconventional myosin-VIIb
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q21.1
Cellular Component: brush border; microvillus
Molecular Function: protein binding
Unconventional myosin-X
Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. MYO10 binds to actin filaments and actin bundles and functions as plus end-directed motor. The tail domain binds to membranous compartments containing phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate or integrins, and mediates cargo transport along actin filaments. Regulates cell shape, cell spreading and cell adhesion. May play a role in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance. In hippocampal neurons it induces the formation of dendritic filopodia by trafficking the actin-remodeling protein VASP to the tips of filopodia, where it promotes actin elongation. Plays a role in formation of the podosome belt in osteoclasts (). Stimulates the formation and elongation of filopodia.
Unconventional myosin-XIX
Unconventional myosin-XV
MYO15A: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments. Required for the arrangement of stereocilia in mature hair bundles. Defects in MYO15A are the cause of deafness autosomal recessive type 3 (DFNB3). DFNB3 is a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information.
Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Motor
Cellular Component: stereocilium; stereocilium bundle
Molecular Function: protein binding
Biological Process: inner ear morphogenesis; locomotory behavior; sensory perception of sound
Unconventional myosin-XVB
MYO15B: Unknown, due to the absence of a functinal motor domain.
Protein type: Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17q25.1
Unconventional myosin-XVI
MYO16: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments. May be involved in targeting of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 during brain development. Activates PI3K and concomitantly recruits the WAVE1 complex to the close vicinity of PI3K and regulates neuronal morphogenesis. Belongs to the NYAP family. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Actin-binding; Cell cycle regulation; Contractile; Motor
Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; membrane; myosin complex; nucleoplasm; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane
Molecular Function: actin binding; actin filament binding; protein binding; protein complex binding; protein phosphatase binding
Biological Process: cerebellum development; negative regulation of cell proliferation; neurite morphogenesis; phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
Unconventional myosin-XVIIIa
MYO18A: May be involved in the maintenance of the stromal cell architectures required for cell to cell contact. In concert with LURAP1 and CDC42BPA/CDC42BPB, is involved in modulating lamellar actomyosin retrograde flow that is crucial to cell protrusion and migration. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
Protein type: Actin-binding; Motor
Cellular Component: actomyosin; brush border; cytoskeleton; Golgi apparatus; membrane; nucleoplasm; trans-Golgi network
Molecular Function: actin filament binding; ADP binding; ATP binding
Biological Process: actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis; cell migration; Golgi organization and biogenesis; Golgi vesicle budding; negative regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of protein secretion
Unconventional myosin-XVIIIb
Protein type: Motor
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q12.1
Cellular Component: unconventional myosin complex
Disease: Klippel-feil Syndrome 4, Autosomal Recessive, With Myopathy And Facial Dysmorphism
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