Growth/Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) Human Recombinant Protein

Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Promotes primordial follicle development. Stimulates granulosa cell proliferation. Promotes cell transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, through an increase of CCND1 and CCNE1 expression, and RB1 phosphorylation. It regulates STAR expression and cAMP-dependent progesterone release in granulosa and thecal cells. Attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on STAR expression and progesterone production by increasing the expression of inhibin B. It suppresses FST and FSTL3 production in granulosa-lutein cells.

The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.Schmutz J., Martin J., Terry A., Couronne O., Grimwood J., Lowry S., Gordon L.A., Scott D., Xie G., Huang W., Hellsten U., Tran-Gyamfi M., She X., Prabhakar S., Aerts A., Altherr M., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chan Y.M., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Lopez F., Lou Y., Martinez D., Medina C., Morgan J., Nandkeshwar R., Noonan J.P., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Priest J., Ramirez L., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wheeler J., Wu K., Yang J., Dickson M., Cheng J.-F., Eichler E.E., Olsen A., Pennacchio L.A., Rokhsar D.S., Richardson P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M.Nature 431:268-274(2004) Human growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and its novel homolog GDF-9B are expressed in oocytes during early folliculogenesis.Aaltonen J., Laitinen M.P., Vuojolainen K., Jaatinen R., Horelli-Kuitunen N., Seppae L., Louhio H., Tuuri T., Sjoeberg J., Buetzow R., Hovatta O., Dale L., Ritvos O.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:2744-2750(1999) Growth differentiation factor-9 inhibits 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate-stimulated steroidogenesis in human granulosa and theca cells.Yamamoto N., Christenson L.K., McAllister J.M., Strauss J.F. IIIJ. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:2849-2856(2002) ErratumYamamoto N., Christenson L.K., McAllister J.M., Strauss J.F. IIIJ. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:4495-4495(2002) Phosphorylation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 and growth and differentiation factor-9 plays a critical role in determining agonistic or antagonistic functions.McMahon H.E., Sharma S., Shimasaki S.Endocrinology 149:812-817(2008) Effects of growth differentiation factor 9 on cell cycle regulators and ERK42/44 in human granulosa cell proliferation.Huang Q., Cheung A.P., Zhang Y., Huang H.F., Auersperg N., Leung P.C.Am. J. Physiol. 296:E1344-E1353(2009) Golgi apparatus casein kinase phosphorylates bioactive Ser-6 of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth and differentiation factor 9.Tibaldi E., Arrigoni G., Martinez H.M., Inagaki K., Shimasaki S., Pinna L.A.FEBS Lett. 584:801-805(2010) Growth differentiation factor 9 reverses activin A suppression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression and progesterone production in human granulosa-lutein cells.Shi F.T., Cheung A.P., Klausen C., Huang H.F., Leung P.C.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95:E172-E180(2010) Growth differentiating factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 both activate development of human primordial follicles in vitro, with seemingly more beneficial effects of GDF9.Kedem A., Fisch B., Garor R., Ben-Zaken A., Gizunterman T., Felz C., Ben-Haroush A., Kravarusic D., Abir R.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96:E1246-E1254(2011) Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) suppresses follistatin and follistatin-like 3 production in human granulosa-lutein cells.Shi F.T., Cheung A.P., Huang H.F., Leung P.C.PLoS ONE 6:E22866-E22866(2011) The ratio of growth differentiation factor 9 bone morphogenetic protein 15 mRNA expression is tightly co-regulated and differs between species over a wide range of ovulation rates.Crawford J.L., McNatty K.P.Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 348:339-343(2012) Mutational screening of the coding region of growth differentiation factor 9 gene in Indian women with ovarian failure.Dixit H., Rao L.K., Padmalatha V., Kanakavalli M., Deenadayal M., Gupta N., Chakravarty B., Singh L.Menopause 12:749-754(2005) Mutations and sequence variants in GDF9 and BMP15 in patients with premature ovarian failure.Laissue P., Christin-Maitre S., Touraine P., Kuttenn F., Ritvos O., Aittomaki K., Bourcigaux N., Jacquesson L., Bouchard P., Frydman R., Dewailly D., Reyss A.-C., Jeffery L., Bachelot A., Massin N., Fellous M., Veitia R.A.Eur. J. Endocrinol. 154:739-744(2006) Novel variants in growth differentiation factor 9 in mothers of dizygotic twins.Palmer J.S., Zhao Z.Z., Hoekstra C., Hayward N.K., Webb P.M., Whiteman D.C., Martin N.G., Boomsma D.I., Duffy D.L., Montgomery G.W.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91:4713-4716(2006) Growth differentiating factor-9 mutations may be associated with premature ovarian failure.Kovanci E., Rohozinski J., Simpson J.L., Heard M.J., Bishop C.E., Carson S.A.Fertil. Steril. 87:143-146(2007) Analyses of GDF9 mutation in 100 Chinese women with premature ovarian failure.Zhao H., Qin Y., Kovanci E., Simpson J.L., Chen Z.J., Rajkovic A.Fertil. Steril. 88:1474-1476(2007) Analyses of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) mutation in Chinese women with premature ovarian failure.Wang B., Wen Q., Ni F., Zhou S., Wang J., Cao Y., Ma X.Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 72:135-136(2010)

Small volumes of GDF9 recombinant protein vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

MBS1071262 is a recombinant protein targeting GDF9. Also known as Recombinant Human Growth/differentiation factor 9. Host: E Coli or Yeast or Baculovirus or Mammalian Cell.