Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Mouse Recombinant Protein

This gene belongs to the evolutionarily-conserved Toll-like receptor family, whose members are type-1 transmembrane proteins that are involved in innate immunity. Toll-like receptors are characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain that functions in ligand recognition and an intracellular toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like domain that is crucial for signal transduction. The receptor encoded by this gene mediates the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, through synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, this protein can recognize other pathogens from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as viral components. Mice deficient in this gene display a number of immune response-related phenotypes including hyporesponsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and increased levels of respiratory syncytial virus compared to controls. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

TLR4: Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS- independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+). These responses require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Belongs to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, a multi-protein complex containing at least CD14, LY96 and TLR4. Binding to bacterial LPS leads to homodimerization. Interacts with LY96 via the extracellular domain. Interacts with MYD88 and TIRAP via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with NOX4. Interacts with CNPY3. Interacts with HSP90B1. The interaction with both CNPY3 and HSP90B1 is required for proper folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Highly expressed in placenta, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and several types of T-cells. Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Receptor, misc.; Membrane protein, integral

Cellular Component: cell surface; membrane; integral to plasma membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasm; integral to membrane; plasma membrane; lipopolysaccharide receptor complex; external side of plasma membrane; lipid raft

Molecular Function: protein binding; transmembrane receptor activity; lipopolysaccharide binding; phosphoinositide 3-kinase binding; lipopolysaccharide receptor activity; receptor activity

Biological Process: positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of apoptosis; activation of MAPK activity; leukotriene metabolic process; response to lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; positive regulation of interferon-beta production; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; positive regulation of interferon-alpha production; positive regulation of DNA binding; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; production of nitric oxide during acute inflammatory response; positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of chemokine production; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; macrophage activation; negative regulation of interleukin-23 production; response to ethanol; response to bacterium; detection of lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; response to oxidative stress; I-kappaB phosphorylation; activation of innate immune response; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; regulation of cytokine secretion; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of JNK cascade; microglial cell activation; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; signal transduction; mast cell activation; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation; positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; interferon-gamma production; innate immune response-activating signal transduction; inflammatory response; B cell proliferation during immune response; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process; immune system process; activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; negative regulation of interleukin-17 production; positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process; regulation of inflammatory response; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; innate immune response; immune response; regulation of sensory perception of pain; positive regulation of interleukin-1 production; positive regulation of inflammatory response