Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1/MCAF (MCP 1) Human Active Protein

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

CCL2: Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Augments monocyte anti-tumor activity. Has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis. Monomer or homodimer; in equilibrium. Binds to CCR2 and CCR4. Is tethered on endothelial cells by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans. Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Protein type: Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Chemokine

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17q11.2-q12

Cellular Component: extracellular space; rough endoplasmic reticulum; endocytic vesicle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; dendrite; extracellular region; synapse; perikaryon; nerve terminal

Molecular Function: heparin binding; chemokine activity; CCR2 chemokine receptor binding; receptor binding; protein kinase activity

Biological Process: maternal process involved in pregnancy; protein amino acid phosphorylation; response to antibiotic; monocyte chemotaxis; regulation of cell shape; cell surface receptor linked signal transduction; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; response to vitamin B3; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; cellular homeostasis; cell adhesion; neutrophil chemotaxis; organ regeneration; JAK-STAT cascade; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; response to amino acid stimulus; G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; organ morphogenesis; response to ethanol; unfolded protein response, activation of signaling protein activity; response to bacterium; cellular response to insulin stimulus; response to heat; response to mechanical stimulus; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; response to activity; response to progesterone stimulus; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; chemotaxis; signal transduction; positive regulation of synaptic transmission; positive regulation of cellular extravasation; response to wounding; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; protein kinase B signaling cascade; response to gamma radiation; angiogenesis; inflammatory response; lymphocyte chemotaxis; aging; unfolded protein response; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; MAPKKK cascade; cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; viral genome replication; macrophage chemotaxis; leukocyte migration during inflammatory response; humoral immune response; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; negative regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity; cellular protein metabolic process; maternal process involved in parturition; response to hypoxia; positive regulation of T cell activation; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; astrocyte cell migration

Disease: Neural Tube Defects; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility To; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Susceptibility To