C-AMP Dependant Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PRKACA) Active Protein

This gene encodes one of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A, which exists as a tetrameric holoenzyme with two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits, in its inactive form. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase A is important to many cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Constitutive activation of this gene caused either by somatic mutations, or genomic duplications of regions that include this gene, have been associated with hyperplasias and adenomas of the adrenal cortex and are linked to corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Tissue-specific isoforms that differ at the N-terminus have been described, and these isoforms may differ in the post-translational modifications that occur at the N-terminus of some isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

PKACA: catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase alpha, an AGC kinase. A number of inactive tetrameric holoenzymes are produced by the combination of homo- or heterodimers of the different regulatory subunits associated with two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Two splice-variant isoforms have been described.

Protein type: Protein kinase, AGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.11; AGC group; PKA family

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19p13.1

Cellular Component: centrosome; mitochondrion; membrane; plasma membrane; nucleus; neuromuscular junction; cytosol; cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex; AMP-activated protein kinase complex

Molecular Function: protein binding; cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity; protein kinase binding; ATP binding

Biological Process: nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; water transport; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; pathogenesis; signal transduction; protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein export from nucleus; triacylglycerol catabolic process; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; transmembrane transport; sperm capacitation; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; regulation of synaptic transmission; cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; regulation of osteoblast differentiation; regulation of heart rate; organelle organization and biogenesis; activation of protein kinase A; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; glucose metabolic process; gluconeogenesis; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; mesoderm formation; phospholipase C activation; regulation of protein binding; carbohydrate metabolic process; neural tube closure; energy reserve metabolic process; renal water homeostasis; innate immune response; mitotic cell cycle; blood coagulation; regulation of insulin secretion