Carbonic Anhydrase 2 (CA2) Human Active Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Defects in this enzyme are associated with osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

CA2: Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Interacts with SLC4A4. Interaction with SLC4A7 regulates SLC4A7 transporter activity. Activated by X-ray, histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-phenylalanine, L- and D-histidine, L-His-OMe and beta-Ala- His (carnosine). Competitively inhibited by saccharin, thioxolone, coumarins, 667-coumate, celecoxib (Celebrex), valdecoxib (Bextra), SC-125, SC-560, diclofenac, acetate, azide, bromide, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide (AZA), methazolamide (MZA), ethoxzolamide (EZA), dichlorophenamide (DCP), brinzolamide, dansylamide, thiabendazole-5-sulfonamide, trifluoromethane sulfonamide and N-hydroxysulfamide, fructose-based sugar sulfamate RWJ-37497, and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt). Repressed strongly by hydrogen sulfide(HS) and weakly by nitrate (NO(3)). Esterase activity weakly reduced by cyanamide. N- hydroxyurea interfers with zinc binding and inhibit activity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.

Protein type: EC 4.2.1.1; Energy Metabolism - nitrogen; Lyase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8q22

Cellular Component: extracellular space; microvillus; basolateral plasma membrane; apical part of cell; axon; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cytosol; myelin sheath

Molecular Function: carbonate dehydratase activity; protein binding; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: secretion; positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; one-carbon compound metabolic process; odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth; bicarbonate transport; response to zinc ion; response to estrogen stimulus; regulation of intracellular pH; morphogenesis of an epithelium; positive regulation of bone resorption; kidney development; response to pH

Disease: Osteopetrosis, Autosomal Recessive 3