V-Ral Simian Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog A (RALA) Human Recombinant Protein

The product of this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. GTP-binding proteins mediate the transmembrane signaling initiated by the occupancy of certain cell surface receptors. This gene encodes a low molecular mass ras-like GTP-binding protein that shares about 50% similarity with other ras proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RALA: Multifuntional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. Plays a role in the early stages of cytokinesis and is required to tether the exocyst to the cytokinetic furrow. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin- dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with ADRBK1 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Required for anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed cells. Interacts with RALBP1 via its effector domain. Interacts with EXOC8 and EXOC2. EXOC2 and EXOC8 have overlapping binding sites and compete for RALA binding. Interacts with Clostridium exoenzyme C3. Interacts with RALGPS1. Interacts with LPAR1 and LPAR2. Interacts with ADRBK1 in response to LPAR1 activation. RALA and ADRBK1 mutually inhibit each other's binding to LPAR1. Activated in an LPA-dependent manner by LPAR1 and in an LPA-independent manner by LPAR2. Alternate between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase- activating protein (GAP). Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.

Protein type: G protein, monomeric, Ras; G protein; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; G protein, monomeric

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p15-p13

Cellular Component: cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; cell surface; focal adhesion; endocytic vesicle; plasma membrane; midbody; cleavage furrow

Molecular Function: GTPase activity; protein binding; GDP binding; myosin binding; GTP binding; Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; ATPase binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of filopodium formation; regulation of exocytosis; exocytosis; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; lipid raft localization; viral reproduction; metabolic process; Ras protein signal transduction; actin cytoskeleton reorganization; cytokinesis; signal transduction; chemotaxis