Glutathione Reductase (GSR) Human Active Protein

This gene encodes a member of the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. This enzyme is a homodimeric flavoprotein. It is a central enzyme of cellular antioxidant defense, and reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form GSH, which is an important cellular antioxidant. Rare mutations in this gene result in hereditary glutathione reductase deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

GSR: a class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase. Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. Alternative initiation results in a mitochondrial and a cytoplasmic isoform.

Protein type: EC 1.8.1.7; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - glutathione; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8p21.1

Cellular Component: mitochondrial matrix; cytosol; external side of plasma membrane

Molecular Function: mercury (II) reductase activity; FAD binding; electron carrier activity; mercury ion binding; NADP binding; glutathione-disulfide reductase activity

Biological Process: response to reactive oxygen species; glutathione metabolic process; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process; cell redox homeostasis; detoxification of mercury ion