Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 (MAPK9) Human Recombinant Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

JNK2: a protein kinase of the MAPK family that is potently activated by a variety of environmental stresses including UV radiation. Phosphorylates specific transcription factors such as c-Jun and ATF2, mediating immediate-early gene expression. Closely related to JNK1. Both are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis. Blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. JNK1 and JNK2 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells in the mouse. Four alternatively-spliced isoforms have been described.

Protein type: EC 2.7.11.24; Protein kinase, CMGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Kinase, protein; CMGC group; MAPK family; MAPK/JNK subfamily; JNK subfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q35

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; mitochondrion; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein binding; caspase activator activity; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding; JUN kinase activity; transcription factor binding; ATP binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; central nervous system development; regulation of protein ubiquitination; response to toxin; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; stress-activated MAPK cascade; rhythmic process; toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway; protein amino acid phosphorylation; regulation of JNK cascade; toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway; regulation of transcription factor activity; response to stress; JNK cascade; protein targeting to mitochondrion; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; neurite development; positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process; response to drug; caspase activation; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; regulation of circadian rhythm; positive regulation of chemokine production; JUN phosphorylation; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; response to cadmium ion; response to mechanical stimulus; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; innate immune response; toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; response to amine stimulus; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process