Polymerase II Polypeptide D (POLR2D) Human Recombinant Protein

This gene encodes the fourth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit is associated with the polymerase under suboptimal growth conditions and may have a stress protective role. A sequence for a ribosomal pseudogene is contained within the 3' untranslated region of the transcript from this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POLR2D: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double stranded DNA to enter the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA. Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.

Protein type: EC 2.7.7.6; Transferase; Nucleotide Metabolism - pyrimidine; Transcription initiation complex; Nucleotide Metabolism - purine; RNA processing

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q21

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex; nucleus

Molecular Function: single-stranded RNA binding; DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity; translation initiation factor binding; nucleotide binding; single-stranded DNA binding

Biological Process: transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; viral reproduction; positive regulation of viral transcription; somatic stem cell maintenance; RNA splicing; DNA repair; nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; positive regulation of translational initiation; mRNA export from nucleus during heat stress; mRNA capping; nucleotide-excision repair; transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair; RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter; gene expression; mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay