Interleukin-1 Alpha (IL1A) Human Active Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

IL1A: Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. Belongs to the IL-1 family.

Protein type: Cytokine; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2q14.1

Cellular Component: cytosol; extracellular region; extracellular space

Molecular Function: copper ion binding; cytokine activity; interleukin-1 receptor binding; protein binding

Biological Process: apoptosis; cell proliferation; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; inflammatory response; negative regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of cytokine secretion; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of JNK cascade; positive regulation of mitosis; positive regulation of protein secretion; response to copper ion