Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 (MAPK3) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ERK1: a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) play central roles in MAPK cascades and are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals including growth and neurotrophic factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters. Depending on the cellular context, MAPK cascades mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. Activation of MAP kinases occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues at the sequence T*EY* by upstream MAP kinase kinases, MEK1 and -2. Phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates.

Protein type: EC 2.7.11.24; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, CMGC; CMGC group; MAPK family; MAPK/ERK subfamily; ERK subfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 16p11.2

Cellular Component: caveola; cytoskeleton; cytosol; early endosome; focal adhesion; Golgi apparatus; late endosome; microtubule cytoskeleton; mitochondrion; nuclear envelope; nucleoplasm; nucleus; protein complex; pseudopodium

Molecular Function: ATP binding; MAP kinase activity; phosphatase binding; phosphotyrosine binding; protein binding

Biological Process: activation of MAPK activity; activation of MAPKK activity; apoptosis; arachidonic acid metabolic process; axon guidance; Bergmann glial cell differentiation; blood coagulation; BMP signaling pathway; cartilage development; cell cycle; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; gene expression; innate immune response; insulin receptor signaling pathway; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; MAPKKK cascade; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; nuclear translocation of MAPK; outer ear morphogenesis; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; phosphorylation; platelet activation; positive regulation of cyclase activity; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of histone phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of translation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein complex assembly; Ras protein signal transduction; regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; regulation of transcription factor activity; response to exogenous dsRNA; response to toxin; sensory perception of pain; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; stress-activated MAPK cascade; thymus development; thyroid gland development; toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; viral reproduction