Nine Homolog 2 (EGL) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional complex that is involved in oxygen homeostasis. At normal oxygen levels, the alpha subunit of HIF is targeted for degration by prolyl hydroxylation. This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for this post-translational modification. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream RAB4B (RAB4B, member RAS oncogene family) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

EGLN2: Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF2A. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN2 is involved in regulating hypoxia tolerance and apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Also regulates susceptibility to normoxic oxidative neuronal death. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative initiation.

Protein type: EC 1.14.11.29; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13.2

Cellular Component: cytosol; nucleoplasm; nucleus

Molecular Function: ferrous iron binding; L-ascorbic acid binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors; oxygen sensor activity; peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity; protein binding

Biological Process: cell redox homeostasis; estrogen receptor signaling pathway; peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline; positive regulation of protein catabolic process; regulation of cell growth; regulation of neuron apoptosis; response to hypoxia