HLA-A Human Recombinant Protein

HLA-A belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon 1 encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Hundreds of HLA-A alleles have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HLAA iso3: Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. Belongs to the MHC class I family.

Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Immunoglobulin superfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p21.3

Cellular Component: cell surface; early endosome membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; Golgi medial cisterna; Golgi membrane; integral to plasma membrane; membrane; MHC class I protein complex; phagocytic vesicle membrane; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: beta-2-microglobulin binding; peptide antigen binding; protein binding; receptor binding; T cell receptor binding; TAP binding

Biological Process: antibacterial humoral response; antigen processing and presentation; antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I; antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent; antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent; antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; detection of bacterium; immune response; positive regulation of interferon-gamma production; positive regulation of T cell cytokine production; positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity; protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; regulation of defense response to virus by virus; regulation of immune response; viral reproduction