RAN Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

RAN (ras-related nuclear protein) is a small GTP binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily that is essential for the translocation of RNA and proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The RAN protein is also involved in control of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Nuclear localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1). Mutations in RAN disrupt DNA synthesis. Because of its many functions, it is likely that RAN interacts with several other proteins. RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. RAN is an androgen receptor (AR) coactivator that binds differentially with different lengths of polyglutamine within the androgen receptor. Polyglutamine repeat expansion in the AR is linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy). RAN coactivation of the AR diminishes with polyglutamine expansion within the AR, and this weak coactivation may lead to partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAN: a small GTPase belonging to the RAS superfamily that regulates the nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic through the nuclear pore complex, the condensation of chromatin, spindle assembly and cytokinesis, as well as the organization of non-centrosomal microtubules. A major regulator of mitosis and a potential therapeutic target in cancers expressing higher Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 activities. Required for the import of protein into and RNA export from the nucleus. Cycles between the nucleus and cytoplasm in this process. The Ran guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (RanGEF) is nuclear, promoting the GTP-bound state, while the Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) is cytoplasmic, promoting GDP-bound state. RanGDP is imported into the nucleus by nuclear transport factor-2 (NUTF2), where RanGEF catalyses nucleotide exchange and generates RanGTP. RanGTP then binds to transport factors, such as KPNB1 and CAS, and is exported to the cytoplasm, where RanGAP stimulates GTP hydrolysis. Regulates microtubule polymerization during mitosis; micritubule localization of RAN requires the presence of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1), a Ran-GEF. RCC1 generates a high local concentration of RAN-GTP around chromatin which, in turn, induces the local nucleation of microtubules. Regulates the formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. GTP-Ran interacts with survivin at S and M phases of the cell cycle. Ran-survivin complexes play a role in mitotic spindle formation by serving as a physical scaffold to help deliver the RAN effector molecule TPX2 to microtubules. Acts as a negative regulator of the kinase activity of VRK1 and VRK2. Interacts with TERT following the tyrosine phosphorylation of TERT induced by H2O2, inducing nuclear export of TERT. Interacts with MAD2L2. Predominantly nuclear during interphase. Becomes dispersed throughout the cytoplasm during mitosis.

Protein type: Nuclear receptor co-regulator; G protein, monomeric, Ran; G protein; G protein, monomeric; Nuclear export; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Cell cycle regulation

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q24.3

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; recycling endosome; membrane; cytoplasm; melanosome; nuclear pore; nucleus; cytosol; chromatin

Molecular Function: GTPase activity; protein domain specific binding; protein binding; GDP binding; androgen receptor binding; GTP binding; transcription coactivator activity; chromatin binding

Biological Process: ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus; mitosis; positive regulation of protein binding; viral reproduction; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; viral infectious cycle; signal transduction; ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus; mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis; cell division; protein import into nucleus; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; androgen receptor signaling pathway; gene expression; protein export from nucleus; actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; DNA metabolic process; spermatid development