PTEN Antibody – Polyclonal

This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Unlike most of the protein tyrosine phosphatases, this protein preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/PKB signaling pathway. The use of a non-canonical (CUG) upstream initiation site produces a longer isoform that initiates translation with a leucine, and is thought to be preferentially associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. This longer isoform may help regulate energy metabolism in the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing and the use of multiple translation start codons results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

PTEN: a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase (PIP3) and a tumor suppressor implicated in a wide variety of human cancers. Dephosphorylates inositol phospholipids generated by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K). A major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Possesses a C-terminal regulatory domain that contains three phosphorylation sites which may regulate its stability.

Protein type: EC 3.1.3.48; Tumor suppressor; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; EC 3.1.3.67; EC 3.1.3.16; Carbohydrate Metabolism - inositol phosphate; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Phosphatase, lipid

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10q23.3

Cellular Component: apical plasma membrane; cell projection; cytoplasm; cytosol; dendritic spine; extracellular region; internal side of plasma membrane; mitochondrion; neuron projection; nucleoplasm; nucleus; plasma membrane; PML body; postsynaptic membrane

Molecular Function: enzyme binding; identical protein binding; inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; lipid binding; magnesium ion binding; PDZ domain binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity; phosphoprotein phosphatase activity; platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding; protein binding; protein kinase binding; protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity; protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Biological Process: adult behavior; aging; anaphase-promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle; angiogenesis; apoptosis; brain morphogenesis; cardiac muscle development; cell migration; cell proliferation; central nervous system development; central nervous system neuron axonogenesis; dentate gyrus development; endothelial cell migration; forebrain morphogenesis; G1/S-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; heart development; inositol phosphate dephosphorylation; inositol phosphate metabolic process; learning and/or memory; locomotor rhythm; locomotory behavior; male mating behavior; maternal behavior; memory; multicellular organismal response to stress; myelin maintenance in the central nervous system; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of axonogenesis; negative regulation of cell migration; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of cell size; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; negative regulation of focal adhesion formation; negative regulation of myelination; negative regulation of organ growth; negative regulation of phagocytosis; negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; nerve-nerve synaptic transmission; phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process; phosphoinositide dephosphorylation; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; prepulse inhibition; protein amino acid dephosphorylation; protein kinase B signaling cascade; protein stabilization; regulation of axon regeneration; regulation of B cell apoptosis; regulation of cellular component size; regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis; regulation of protein stability; regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; response to arsenic; response to ATP; response to drug; response to estradiol stimulus; response to ethanol; response to glucose stimulus; response to nutrient; response to zinc ion; rhythmic synaptic transmission; social behavior; synapse maturation; synaptogenesis; T cell receptor signaling pathway; Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin

Disease: Bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba Syndrome; Cowden Syndrome 1; Endometrial Cancer; Glioma Susceptibility 2; Macrocephaly/autism Syndrome; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Susceptibility To, 1; Meningioma, Familial, Susceptibility To; Prostate Cancer; Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Head And Neck; Thyroid Carcinoma, Follicular; Vacterl Association With Hydrocephalus