SMAD1/2/3/4/5 Antibody – Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. In response to BMP ligands, this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SMAD1: transcription factor phosphorylated and activated by bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptor kinases. Participates in a wide range of critical processes including morphogenesis, cell-fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Phosphorylated forms dimerize with collaborating Smad4 and are translocated into the nucleus, where the transcription of target genes is stimulated.

Protein type: Transcription factor; DNA-binding

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q31

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; integral to membrane; intracellular; nuclear inner membrane; nucleoplasm; nucleus; protein complex; transcription factor complex

Molecular Function: identical protein binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; receptor signaling protein activity; transcription factor activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity

Biological Process: BMP signaling pathway; cardiac muscle cell proliferation; cartilage development; embryonic pattern specification; gamete generation; hindbrain development; homeostatic process; inflammatory response; MAPKKK cascade; mesodermal cell fate commitment; midbrain development; negative regulation of cell proliferation; osteoblast fate commitment; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; primary microRNA processing; signal transduction; SMAD protein complex assembly; transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; ureteric bud development