Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNb1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes not only an important cytoplasmic component of the classical cadherin adhesion complex that forms the adherens junction in epithelia and mediates cell-cell adhesion in many other tissues but also a key signaling molecule in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that controls cell growth and differentiation during both normal development and tumorigenesis. The gene product contains a central armadillo-repeat containing domain through which it binds the cytoplasmic tail of classical cadherins; meanwhile, it also binds alpha-catenin, which further links the cadherin complex to the actin cytoskeleton either directly or indirectly. Beta-catenin is therefore necessary for the adhesive function of classical cadherins. Another key function of this protein is to mediate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and regulate gene transcription. Without Wnt signal, cytoplasmic beta-catenin that is not associated with the cadherin complex is quickly phosphorylated at the N-terminal Ser/Thr residues by the so called degradation complex containing axin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), casein kinase I, and GSK3B, then ubiquitylated by beta-TrCP, and degraded by the proteasome. However, in the presence of Wnt signal, the degradation complex is disrupted and the stabilized cytoplasmic beta-catenin translocates into the nucleus, where it binds various transcription factors and, together with these factors, regulates the transcription of many downstream genes. Mutations of this gene have been linked with various types of tumors. Alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

CTNNB1: a regulator of cell adhesion and a key downstream effector in the Wnt signaling pathway. Implicated early embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Phosphorylated and destabilized by CK1 and GSK-3beta. Stabilized cytoplasmic beta-catenin is a hallmark of a variety of cancers. Stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional activator of T-cell factor (TCF)-regulated genes. Interacts with the PDZ domain of TAX1BP3, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Two alternatively spliced human isoforms have been described.

Protein type: Actin-binding; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Oncoprotein; Transcription factor

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9 F4|9 72.19 cM

Cellular Component: adherens junction; apical junction complex; apical part of cell; basolateral plasma membrane; beta-catenin destruction complex; beta-catenin-TCF complex; beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex; bicellular tight junction; catenin complex; catenin-TCF7L2 complex; cell cortex; cell junction; cell periphery; cell projection membrane; cell-cell adherens junction; centrosome; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; dendritic shaft; extracellular exosome; fascia adherens; flotillin complex; focal adhesion; intercalated disc; intercellular junction; intracellular; lamellipodium; lateral plasma membrane; membrane; microvillus membrane; neuron projection; nuclear euchromatin; nuclear membrane; nuclear transcription factor complex; nucleus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; protein complex; Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex; synapse; transcription factor complex; Wnt signalosome; Z disc

Molecular Function: alpha-catenin binding; cadherin binding; chromatin binding; DNA binding; DNA binding transcription factor activity; double-stranded DNA binding; enzyme binding; estrogen receptor binding; histone methyltransferase binding; I-SMAD binding; ion channel binding; ionotropic glutamate receptor binding; kinase binding; nitric-oxide synthase binding; nuclear hormone receptor binding; protein binding; protein C-terminus binding; protein complex binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; protein phosphatase binding; signal transducer activity; SMAD binding; transcription coactivator activity; transcription factor binding; transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Biological Process: animal organ development; anterior/posterior axis specification; bone resorption; branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis; branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; cardiac muscle cell proliferation; cell adhesion; cell differentiation; cell fate determination; cell fate specification; cell maturation; cell proliferation; cell-matrix adhesion; cellular morphogenesis during differentiation; cellular process; cellular protein localization; cellular response to growth factor stimulus; cellular response to indole-3-methanol; cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus; central nervous system vasculogenesis; chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; cranial skeletal system development; dorsal/ventral axis specification; dorsal/ventral pattern formation; ectoderm development; embryonic axis specification; embryonic brain development; embryonic digit morphogenesis; embryonic foregut morphogenesis; embryonic forelimb morphogenesis; embryonic heart tube development; embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis; endoderm formation; endodermal cell fate commitment; endothelial tube morphogenesis; fallopian tube development; forebrain development; gastrulation with mouth forming second; genitalia morphogenesis; glial cell fate determination; hair cycle process; hair follicle morphogenesis; heart development; hemopoiesis; hindbrain development; in utero embryonic development; kidney development; layer formation in cerebral cortex; lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye; limb development; lung development; male genitalia development; mesenchyme morphogenesis; metanephros morphogenesis; midbrain development; midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation; morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium; negative regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell differentiation; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; negative regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic; negative regulation of neuron death; negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation; negative regulation of protein sumoylation; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; nephron tubule formation; nervous system development; neural plate development; neuron differentiation; neuron migration; odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth; oocyte development; osteoclast differentiation; pancreas development; positive regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; positive regulation of core promoter binding; positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity; positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation; positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation; positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation; positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; protein heterooligomerization; protein localization to cell surface; proximal/distal pattern formation; regulation of apoptosis; regulation of calcium ion import; regulation of cell differentiation; regulation of cell proliferation; regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion; regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; regulation of core promoter binding; regulation of epithelial cell differentiation; regulation of euchromatin binding; regulation of gene expression; regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific); regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; regulation of myelination; regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation; regulation of osteoblast differentiation; regulation of osteoclast differentiation; regulation of protein localization to cell surface; regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation; regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; regulation of T cell proliferation; regulation of timing of anagen; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; renal inner medulla development; renal outer medulla development; renal system development; renal vesicle formation; response to cytokine; response to estradiol; response to estrogen; Schwann cell proliferation; skeletal system development; skin development; smooth muscle cell differentiation; stem cell maintenance; synapse organization; synaptic transmission; synaptic vesicle transport; T cell differentiation; T cell differentiation in thymus; thymus development; transcription, DNA-dependent; vasculature development; vasculogenesis; ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis; Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin; Wnt signaling pathway