Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1 (gGT1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a plasmamembrane-associated enzyme that cleaves the peptide bond between gamma-glutamyl and cysteinyl glycine moieties of glutathione. The encoded protein is autocatalytically processed to generate an enzymatically active heterodimer comprised of heavy and light chains. Mice lacking the encoded protein grow slowly, develop cataracts and have elevated levels of glutathione in plasma and urine. Transgenic overexpression of the encoded protein in mice enhances osteoclastic bone resorption. The mutant alleles termed 'Dwarf grey' and 'Dwarf grey Bayer' in mice are associated with deletions in this gene. A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase paralog is located adjacent to this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional transcripts using alternate promoters and differing in 5' UTRs have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

GGT1: Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. Defects in GGT1 are a cause of glutathionuria (GLUTH); also known as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase deficiency. It is an autosomal recessive disease. Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative promoter.

Protein type: EC 2.3.2.2; EC 3.4.19.13; EC 3.4.19.14; Lipid Metabolism - arachidonic acid; Membrane protein, integral; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - cyanoamino acid; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - glutathione; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - selenoamino acid; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - taurine and hypotaurine; Transferase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10|10 C1

Cellular Component: extracellular space; integral component of membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; plasma membrane; vesicle

Molecular Function: hydrolase activity; peptidase activity; peptidyltransferase activity; transferase activity; transferase activity, transferring acyl groups; transferase activity, transferring amino-acyl groups

Biological Process: amino acid metabolic process; cysteine biosynthetic process; fatty acid metabolic process; glutamate metabolic process; glutathione biosynthetic process; glutathione catabolic process; glutathione metabolic process; peptide modification; proteolysis; regulation of immune system process; regulation of inflammatory response; spermatogenesis; zymogen activation