Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1 (gGT1) Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. The enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein, and is present in tissues involved in absorption and secretion. This enzyme is a member of the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family, of which many members have not yet been fully characterized and some of which may represent pseudogenes. This gene is classified as type I gamma-glutamyltransferase. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

GGT1: Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. Defects in GGT1 are a cause of glutathionuria (GLUTH); also known as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase deficiency. It is an autosomal recessive disease. Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative promoter.

Protein type: Other Amino Acids Metabolism - glutathione; EC 3.4.19.13; Membrane protein, integral; EC 3.4.19.14; Lipid Metabolism - arachidonic acid; Transferase; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - selenoamino acid; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - taurine and hypotaurine; EC 2.3.2.2; Other Amino Acids Metabolism - cyanoamino acid

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q11.23

Cellular Component: anchored to external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; integral to membrane; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: protein binding; gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Biological Process: amino acid metabolic process; glutamate metabolic process; regulation of immune system process; cysteine biosynthetic process; leukotriene metabolic process; proteolysis; leukotriene biosynthetic process; glutathione metabolic process; xenobiotic metabolic process; regulation of inflammatory response; glutathione catabolic process; glutathione biosynthetic process; arachidonic acid metabolic process; spermatogenesis; zymogen activation

Disease: Glutathionuria