ERK 1/2 (ERK1/2) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

ERK1: a serine/threonine kinase of the GMGC group that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. ERK1 (MAPK3) and ERK2 (MAPK1) play central roles in MAPK cascades and are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals including growth and neurotrophic factors, cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters. Depending on the cellular context, MAPK cascades mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. MAPK cascades also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. Activation of MAP kinases occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues at the sequence T*EY* by upstream MAP kinase kinases, MEK1 and -2. Phosphorylation of both the threonine and tyrosine are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates.

Protein type: CMGC group; EC 2.7.11.24; ERK subfamily; Kinase, protein; MAPK family; MAPK/ERK subfamily; Protein kinase, CMGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor)

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q36

Cellular Component: caveola; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; early endosome; extracellular exosome; focal adhesion; Golgi apparatus; late endosome; mitochondrion; nuclear envelope; nucleoplasm; nucleus; plasma membrane; protein complex; pseudopodium

Molecular Function: ATP binding; identical protein binding; MAP kinase activity; MAP kinase kinase activity; phosphatase binding; phosphotyrosine binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Biological Process: activation of MAPK activity; apoptosis; arachidonic acid metabolic process; Bergmann glial cell differentiation; BMP signaling pathway; cartilage development; caveolin-mediated endocytosis; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; cellular response to amino acid starvation; cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; cellular response to organic substance; cellular response to reactive oxygen species; DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation; ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; MAPK cascade; negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding; neural crest cell development; organ morphogenesis; outer ear morphogenesis; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation; phosphorylation; positive regulation of cyclase activity; positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of histone phosphorylation; positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of telomerase activity; positive regulation of telomere capping; positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of translation; positive regulation of xenophagy; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein complex assembly; regulation of cellular pH; regulation of cytoskeleton organization; regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport; regulation of Golgi inheritance; regulation of ossification; regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; regulation of transcription factor activity; response to exogenous dsRNA; response to lipopolysaccharide; response to toxin; sensory perception of pain; stress-activated MAPK cascade; thymus development; thyroid gland development; transcription, DNA-dependent