Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) ELISA Kit for Human

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

cPLA2: a calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is a precursor for the eicosanoids that are involved in hemodynamic regulation, inflammatory responses, and other cellular processes. Promotes cerebellar long-term depression and motor learning. Translocates to the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum in a calcium-dependent fashion. Translocation and activation of at the ER facilitates the process of ER stress. Regulates the biogenesis of lipid droplets, a process dependent on JNK and ceramide kinase. Stimulated by agonists such as ATP, EGF, thrombin and bradykinin as well as by cytosolic Ca2+. The N-terminal C2 domain, by its association with lipid membranes, mediates the regulation of CPLA2 by presenting the active site to its substrate in response to elevations of cytosolic Ca2+. Inhibited when in trimolecular complex with ANXA2 and S100A10. Phosphorylation of S727 relieves this inhibitory interaction, thus activating PLA2G4A.

Protein type: EC 3.1.1.5; Lipid Metabolism - arachidonic acid; Lipid Metabolism - glycerophospholipid; Lipid Metabolism - alpha-linolenic acid; Lipid Metabolism - ether lipid; EC 3.1.1.4; Lipid Metabolism - linoleic acid; Phospholipase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q25

Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicle; cytoplasm; mitochondrial inner membrane; cytosol

Molecular Function: phospholipase A2 activity; calcium-dependent phospholipid binding; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity; calcium ion binding; lysophospholipase activity

Biological Process: icosanoid biosynthetic process; platelet activation; platelet activating factor biosynthetic process; phospholipid catabolic process; phospholipid metabolic process; icosanoid metabolic process; glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process; arachidonic acid metabolic process; phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process; arachidonic acid secretion; blood coagulation; regulation of cell proliferation