Low Density Lipo (LDL) ELISA Kit for Rat

The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is normally bound at the cell membrane and taken into the cell ending up in lysosomes where the protein is degraded and the cholesterol is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

LDLR: Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. In case of HIV-1 infection, functions as a receptor for extracellular Tat in neurons, mediating its internalization in uninfected cells. Defects in LDLR are the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH); a common autosomal semi- dominant disease that affects about 1 in 500 individuals. The receptor defect impairs the catabolism of LDL, and the resultant elevation in plasma LDL-cholesterol promotes deposition of cholesterol in the skin (xanthelasma), tendons (xanthomas), and coronary arteries (atherosclerosis). Belongs to the LDLR family. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Cell surface; Membrane protein, integral; Receptor, misc.

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19p13.2

Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; cell surface; membrane; integral to plasma membrane; lysosome; late endosome; early endosome; plasma membrane; coated pit; endosome membrane; receptor complex; external side of plasma membrane

Molecular Function: very-low-density lipoprotein receptor activity; low-density lipoprotein receptor activity; protein binding; low-density lipoprotein binding; calcium ion binding; clathrin heavy chain binding; glycoprotein binding

Biological Process: cholesterol metabolic process; lipoprotein catabolic process; receptor-mediated endocytosis; phototransduction, visible light; cholesterol homeostasis; cholesterol transport; viral reproduction; cholesterol absorption; lipoprotein metabolic process; endocytosis; phospholipid transport; lipid metabolic process; retinoid metabolic process

Disease: Hypercholesterolemia, Familial