Cytochrome P450c21 / 21-Hydroxylase (CYP21B) ELISA Kit for Human

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and hydroxylates steroids at the 21 position. Its activity is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones including cortisol and aldosterone. Mutations in this gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A related pseudogene is located near this gene; gene conversion events involving the functional gene and the pseudogene are thought to account for many cases of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CYP21A2: Specifically catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids. Required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Defects in CYP21A2 are the cause of adrenal hyperplasia type 3 (AH3). AH3 is a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a common recessive disease due to defective synthesis of cortisol. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is characterized by androgen excess leading to ambiguous genitalia in affected females, rapid somatic growth during childhood in both sexes with premature closure of the epiphyses and short adult stature. Four clinical types: 'salt wasting' (SW, the most severe type), 'simple virilizing' (SV, less severely affected patients), with normal aldosterone biosynthesis, 'non-classic form' or late onset (NC or LOAH), and 'cryptic' (asymptomatic). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Protein type: EC 1.14.99.10; Lipid Metabolism - C21-steroid hormone; Oxidoreductase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p21.3

Cellular Component: endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Molecular Function: steroid 21-monooxygenase activity; iron ion binding; heme binding; steroid hydroxylase activity; steroid binding

Biological Process: steroid metabolic process; xenobiotic metabolic process; mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process; glucocorticoid biosynthetic process; sterol metabolic process

Disease: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Due To 21-hydroxylase Deficiency