Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) ELISA Kit for Human

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PARP1: Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP- ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Component of a base excision repair (BER) complex, containing at least XRCC1, PARP2, POLB and LRIG3. Homo- and heterodimer with PARP2. Interacts with PARP3, APTX and SRY. The SWAP complex consists of NPM1, NCL, PARP1 and SWAP70. Interacts with TIAM2 and ZNF423. Interacts (when poly-ADP- ribosylated) with CHD1L. Interacts with the DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit POLA1; this interaction functions as part of the control of replication fork progression. Interacts with EEF1A1, RNF4 and TXK.

Protein type: DNA repair, damage; EC 2.4.2.30; Nuclear envelope; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Nucleolus; Transferase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q42.12

Cellular Component: membrane; mitochondrion; nuclear chromosome, telomeric region; nuclear envelope; nucleolus; nucleoplasm; nucleus; protein complex; transcription factor complex

Molecular Function: DNA binding; DNA ligase (ATP) activity; enzyme binding; estrogen receptor binding; histone deacetylase binding; identical protein binding; NAD binding; NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; protein ADP-ribosylase activity; protein binding; protein kinase binding; protein N-terminus binding; R-SMAD binding; RNA binding; transcription factor binding; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: apoptosis; ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose; cellular response to amyloid-beta; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; cellular response to insulin stimulus; cellular response to oxidative stress; cellular response to zinc ion; DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage; DNA ligation involved in DNA repair; DNA repair; double-strand break repair; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; lagging strand elongation; macrophage differentiation; mitochondrial DNA metabolic process; mitochondrial DNA repair; mitochondrion organization; negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process; negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3'-to lesion; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion; nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly; nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex stabilization; peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation; positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy; positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization; positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation; positive regulation of neuron death; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding; protein ADP-ribosylation; protein autoprocessing; regulation of catalytic activity; regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly; response to aldosterone; response to gamma radiation; telomere maintenance; transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway