CA2: Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Interacts with SLC4A4. Interaction with SLC4A7 regulates SLC4A7 transporter activity. Activated by X-ray, histamine, L-adrenaline, L- and D-phenylalanine, L- and D-histidine, L-His-OMe and beta-Ala- His (carnosine). Competitively inhibited by saccharin, thioxolone, coumarins, 667-coumate, celecoxib (Celebrex), valdecoxib (Bextra), SC-125, SC-560, diclofenac, acetate, azide, bromide, sulfonamide derivatives such as acetazolamide (AZA), methazolamide (MZA), ethoxzolamide (EZA), dichlorophenamide (DCP), brinzolamide, dansylamide, thiabendazole-5-sulfonamide, trifluoromethane sulfonamide and N-hydroxysulfamide, fructose-based sugar sulfamate RWJ-37497, and Foscarnet (phosphonoformate trisodium salt). Repressed strongly by hydrogen sulfide(HS) and weakly by nitrate (NO(3)). Esterase activity weakly reduced by cyanamide. N- hydroxyurea interfers with zinc binding and inhibit activity. Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Protein type: EC 4.2.1.1; Energy Metabolism - nitrogen; Lyase
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3 A1|3 3.23 cM
Cellular Component: apical part of cell; axon; basolateral plasma membrane; cytoplasm; cytosol; extracellular exosome; extracellular space; membrane; microvillus; myelin sheath; plasma membrane
Molecular Function: arylesterase activity; carbonate dehydratase activity; lyase activity; metal ion binding; zinc ion binding
Biological Process: angiotensin-activated signaling pathway; carbon dioxide transport; morphogenesis of an epithelium; one-carbon metabolic process; positive regulation of bone resorption; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction; positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport; positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; regulation of chloride transport; regulation of intracellular pH; regulation of pH; secretion
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