Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 (TGF-beta1) ELISA Kit for Fish

This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a mature peptide homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGF-beta binding protein, or in an active form consisting solely of the mature peptide homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members. This encoded protein regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and growth, and can modulate expression and activation of other growth factors including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. This gene is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

TGFB1: Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Homodimer; disulfide-linked, or heterodimer with TGFB2. Secreted and stored as a biologically inactive form in the extracellular matrix in a 290 kDa complex (large latent TGF-beta1 complex) containing the TGFB1 homodimer, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), and the latent TGFB1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1). The complex without LTBP1 is known as the'small latent TGF-beta1 complex'. Dissociation of the TGFB1 from LAP is required for growth factor activation and biological activity. Release of the large latent TGF-beta1 complex from the extracellular matrix is carried out by the matrix metalloproteinase MMP3. May interact with THSD4; this interaction may lead to sequestration by FBN1 microfibril assembly and attenuation of TGFB signaling. Interacts with the serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3: the interaction with either inhibits TGFB1-mediated signaling. The HTRA protease activity is required for this inhibition. Interacts with CD109, DPT and ASPN. Activated in vitro at pH below 3.5 and over 12.5. Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Co-localizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage. Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13.2

Cellular Component: axon; blood microparticle; cell soma; cell surface; cytoplasm; extracellular matrix; extracellular region; extracellular space; Golgi lumen; microvillus; nucleus; plasma membrane; proteinaceous extracellular matrix

Molecular Function: antigen binding; cytokine activity; enzyme binding; growth factor activity; identical protein binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; protein N-terminus binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor binding; type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding; type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding; type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Biological Process: active induction of host immune response by virus; adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains; aging; ATP biosynthetic process; BMP signaling pathway; cell cycle arrest; cell development; cell growth; cell migration; cell-cell junction organization; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus; cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus; cellular response to ionizing radiation; cellular response to organic cyclic compound; cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; chondrocyte differentiation; common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation; connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response; defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction; embryonic liver development; endoderm development; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus; extracellular matrix assembly; female pregnancy; germ cell migration; gut development; heart development; heart valve morphogenesis; hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; hyaluronan catabolic process; inflammatory response; inner ear development; lens fiber cell differentiation; leukocyte migration; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; lymph node development; macrophage derived foam cell differentiation; MAPK cascade; membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis; mitotic cell cycle checkpoint; mononuclear cell proliferation; myelination; myeloid dendritic cell differentiation; negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; negative regulation of cell cycle; negative regulation of cell differentiation; negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion; negative regulation of DNA replication; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; negative regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process; negative regulation of interleukin-17 production; negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production; negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle; negative regulation of myoblast differentiation; negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation; negative regulation of ossification; negative regulation of phagocytosis; negative regulation of protein phosphorylation; negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; negative regulation of skeletal muscle development; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; neural tube closure; neural tube development; Notch signaling pathway; oligodendrocyte development; phosphate-containing compound metabolic process; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of bone mineralization; positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation; positive regulation of cell cycle arrest; positive regulation of cell division; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; positive regulation of chemotaxis; positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; positive regulation of exit from mitosis; positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly; positive regulation of fibroblast migration; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of histone deacetylation; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration; positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of odontogenesis; positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; positive regulation of protein complex assembly; positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation; positive regulation of protein import into nucleus; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of receptor clustering; positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation; positive regulation of superoxide anion generation; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production; positive regulation of vascular permeability; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein export from nucleus; protein import into nucleus, translocation; protein kinase B signaling; receptor catabolic process; regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization; regulation of apoptosis; regulation of binding; regulation of cell migration; regulation of DNA binding; regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation; regulation of interleukin-23 production; regulation of protein import into nucleus; regulation of receptor activity; regulation of sodium ion transport; regulation of striated muscle tissue development; regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; regulatory T cell differentiation; response to drug; response to estradiol; response to glucose stimulus; response to hypoxia; response to laminar fluid shear stress; response to progesterone; response to vitamin D; response to wounding; salivary gland morphogenesis; SMAD protein complex assembly; SMAD protein import into nucleus; T cell homeostasis; tolerance induction to self antigen; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development; ureteric bud development; vasculogenesis; ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

Disease: Camurati-engelmann Disease; Cystic Fibrosis