Probable DNA Dc->Du-Editing Enzyme APOBEC-3b (APOBEC3B) ELISA Kit for Human

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. It is thought that the proteins may be RNA editing enzymes and have roles in growth or cell cycle control. A hybrid gene results from the deletion of approximately 29.5 kb of sequence between this gene, APOBEC3B, and the adjacent gene APOBEC3A. The breakpoints of the deletion are within the two genes, so the deletion allele is predicted to have the promoter and coding region of APOBEC3A, but the 3' UTR of APOBEC3B. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

APOBEC3B: a DNA cytidine deaminase involved in foreign DNA clearance. Acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. Homodimer. Interacts with APOBEC3G. Does not interact with APOBEC1. Expressed at high and moderate levels in peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, testes, heart, thymus, prostate and ovary. Also expressed at low levels in several other tissues. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces overexpression in keratinocytes. Up-regulated by IFN-alpha. Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: EC 3.5.4.-; Hydrolase; RNA-binding

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q13.1

Cellular Component: nucleus

Molecular Function: deoxycytidine deaminase activity; RNA binding; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: defense response to virus; innate immune response