DNMT1: an ubiquitous DNA methyltransferase that methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development, and may play an active role in DNA damage repair. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2. Its abundance is reduced to non detectable levels at the G0 phase of the cell cycle and is dramatically induced upon entrance into the S-phase of the cell cycle. Interacts with HDAC1 and with PCNA. Forms a complex with DMAP1 and HDAC2, with direct interaction. Forms also a stable complex with E2F1, BB1 and HDAC1. Binds MBD2 and MBD3. Three isoforms of the human protein produced by alternative splicing have been described.
Protein type: Amino Acid Metabolism - cysteine and methionine; Cell development/differentiation; EC 2.1.1.37; Methyltransferase; Methyltransferase, DNA; Transcription regulation
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 8q13
Cellular Component: cell soma; centric heterochromatin; cytoplasm; heterochromatin; nucleus; protein complex; replication fork
Molecular Function: chromatin binding; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity; DNA binding; DNA-methyltransferase activity; estrogen receptor binding; histone deacetylase binding; methyl-CpG binding; methyltransferase activity; protein binding; protein domain specific binding; RNA binding; S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity; zinc ion binding
Biological Process: aging; brain development; covalent chromatin modification; cytosine methylation within a CG sequence; DNA methylation; DNA methylation involved in embryo development; DNA methylation on cytosine; gene silencing; maintenance of DNA methylation; negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; neuron differentiation; positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; Ras protein signal transduction; regulation of cell proliferation; regulation of gene expression; response to activity; response to caffeine; response to drug; response to estradiol; response to ethanol; response to heat; response to ionizing radiation; response to lead ion; response to lipopolysaccharide; response to nutrient levels; response to organic substance; response to testosterone stimulus; response to toxin; response to vitamin A; S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process; transcription, DNA-dependent
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