S100 Calcium Binding Protein A12/Calgranulin-C (S100A12) ELISA Kit for Human

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein is proposed to be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities. The protein includes an antimicrobial peptide which has antibacterial activity. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

S100A12: S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites. Possesses filariacidal and filariastatic activity. Calcitermin possesses antifungal activity against C.albicans and is also active against E.coli and P.aeruginosa but not L.monocytogenes and S.aureus. Belongs to the S-101 family.

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q21.3

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; extracellular region; nucleus; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: calcium ion binding; copper ion binding; protein binding; RAGE receptor binding; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: cytokine secretion; defense response to bacterium; defense response to fungus; inflammatory response; innate immune response; killing of cells of other organism; mast cell activation; monocyte chemotaxis; neutrophil chemotaxis; neutrophil degranulation; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; positive regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; xenobiotic metabolic process