CTNNB1 Human Recombinant Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex of proteins that constitute adherens junctions (AJs). AJs are necessary for the creation and maintenance of epithelial cell layers by regulating cell growth and adhesion between cells. The encoded protein also anchors the actin cytoskeleton and may be responsible for transmitting the contact inhibition signal that causes cells to stop dividing once the epithelial sheet is complete. Finally, this protein binds to the product of the APC gene, which is mutated in adenomatous polyposis of the colon. Mutations in this gene are a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC), pilomatrixoma (PTR), medulloblastoma (MDB), and ovarian cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]

CTNNB1: a regulator of cell adhesion and a key downstream effector in the Wnt signaling pathway. Implicated early embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Phosphorylated and destabilized by CK1 and GSK-3beta. Stabilized cytoplasmic beta-catenin is a hallmark of a variety of cancers. Stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional activator of T-cell factor (TCF)-regulated genes. Interacts with the PDZ domain of TAX1BP3, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Two alternatively spliced human isoforms have been described.

Protein type: Actin-binding; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Oncoprotein; Transcription factor

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3p21

Cellular Component: adherens junction; basolateral plasma membrane; beta-catenin destruction complex; catenin complex; cell cortex; cell junction; cell-cell adherens junction; centrosome; cytoplasm; cytosol; focal adhesion; intercellular junction; lateral plasma membrane; membrane; nucleoplasm; nucleus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; protein complex; transcription factor complex

Molecular Function: alpha-catenin binding; cadherin binding; enzyme binding; estrogen receptor binding; kinase binding; nuclear hormone receptor binding; protein binding; protein C-terminus binding; protein phosphatase binding; SMAD binding; transcription coactivator activity; transcription factor binding

Biological Process: cell adhesion; cell-cell adhesion; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; hair cell differentiation; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic; negative regulation of protein sumoylation; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; patterning of blood vessels; positive regulation of apoptosis; positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; positive regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; positive regulation of neuron apoptosis; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; regulation of angiogenesis; regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion; regulation of fibroblast proliferation; regulation of neurogenesis; regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; response to drug; response to estradiol stimulus; stem cell maintenance; Wnt receptor signaling pathway; Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin; Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Disease: Colorectal Cancer; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Mental Retardation, Autosomal Dominant 19; Ovarian Cancer; Pilomatrixoma