Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 2 (ENPP2) ELISA Kit for Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the phosphodiesterase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase family of bifunctional enzymes that hydrolize phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. The encoded protein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature protein with lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the cleavage of the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidic acid. This gene is expressed in numerous tissues and participates in neural development, obesity, inflammation and oncogenesis. A complete lack of the encoded protein in mice results in aberrant vascular and neuronal development leading to embryonic lethality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

ENPP2: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: EC 3.1.4.39; Lipid Metabolism - ether lipid; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide; Phosphodiesterase

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; extracellular region; extracellular space; Golgi apparatus; integral to plasma membrane

Molecular Function: alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity; calcium ion binding; catalytic activity; hydrolase activity; lysophospholipase activity; metal ion binding; nucleic acid binding; nucleotide diphosphatase activity; phosphodiesterase I activity; polysaccharide binding; scavenger receptor activity; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: chemotaxis; immune response; lipid catabolic process; lipid metabolic process; metabolic process; negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; phospholipid catabolic process; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of focal adhesion formation; positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; regulation of angiogenesis; regulation of cell migration