Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

This gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein. The encoded protein acts as an enzyme and plays a central role in thyroid gland function. The protein functions in the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and phenoxy-ester formation between pairs of iodinated tyrosines to generate the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Mutations in this gene are associated with several disorders of thyroid hormonogenesis, including congenital hypothyroidism, congenital goiter, and thyroid hormone organification defect IIA. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

TPO: Iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin to yield the thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4). An alternative splicing in the thyroperoxidase mRNA can cause Graves' disease. Defects in TPO are the cause of thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A (TDH2A). A disorder due to defective conversion of accumulated iodide to organically bound iodine. The iodide organification defect can be partial or complete. Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. 8 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: EC 1.11.1.8; Oxidoreductase; Mitochondrial; Membrane protein, integral; Amino Acid Metabolism - tyrosine

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2p25

Cellular Component: extracellular space; cell surface; mitochondrion; integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: peroxidase activity; heme binding; iodide peroxidase activity; calcium ion binding

Biological Process: hydrogen peroxide catabolic process; embryonic hemopoiesis; thyroid hormone generation; hormone biosynthetic process; response to oxidative stress

Disease: Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis 2a