Glucokinase (GCK) ELISA Kit for Horse

GK: a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes glucose metabolism in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Acts as a ""glucose sensor"" in beta cells. The first and rate-limiting step in glycosis, a pathway that produces energy in the form of ATP from glucose. Glucokinase traps glucose inside the cell by catalyzing its phosphorylation to produce glucose-6-phosphate. Has a lower affinity for glucose than the three other isozymes of hexokinase, allowing other organs such as the brain and muscles to have first call on glucose when its supply is limited. Unlike other hexokinases, glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase is found in the outer membrane compartment of mitochondria. May bind VDAC, suppressing mitochondrial function. Glucokinase transcription is induced by insulin, perhaps via the activation of Stat 5B. Mutant glucokinase causes a rare form of diabetes and may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. Three splice variant isoforms of human glucokinase have been described.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose; Carbohydrate Metabolism - galactose; Kinase, other; Carbohydrate Metabolism - amino sugar and nucleotide sugar; Mitochondrial; EC 2.7.1.2; Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; mitochondrion; cell; cytoplasm; actin filament; cell cortex; cytosol; basal cortex; nucleus; secretory granule

Molecular Function: transferase activity; hexokinase activity; protein binding; magnesium ion binding; nucleotide binding; kinase activity; ADP binding; glucokinase activity; phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor; protein phosphatase binding; ATP binding; glucose binding

Biological Process: second-messenger-mediated signaling; glycogen biosynthetic process; glycolysis; regulation of potassium ion transport; glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of insulin secretion; lipid homeostasis; glucose metabolic process; glucose homeostasis; NADP metabolic process; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process; cellular response to glucose starvation; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; detection of glucose; cellular response to insulin stimulus; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; carbohydrate metabolic process; positive regulation of glycolysis; carbohydrate phosphorylation; negative regulation of epinephrine secretion; cell glucose homeostasis; phosphorylation; regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of phosphorylation