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Glutamine Synthetase (GLUL) Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Catalog #: MBS370304

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. GS is present predominantly in the brain, kidneys, and liver. GS in the brain… More details

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Sample Manual Insert View PDF
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Testing Data View PDF
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Material Safety Data Sheet View PDF
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Technical Datasheet View PDF
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Protocol View PDF

Product Overview

Online Datasheet in PDF
Product Name
Glutamine Synthetase (GLUL), Monoclonal Antibody
Full Product Name
Glutamine Synthetase
Product Gene Name
anti-GLUL antibody
Clonality
Monoclonal
Isotype
IgG2a
Clone Number
GS-6
Host
Mouse
Species Reactivity
Human (Predicted: Mouse, Rat)
Form/Format
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase is a Mouse Monoclonal antibody derived from cell culture supernatant that is concentrated, dialyzed, filter sterilized and diluted in buffer pH 7.5, containing BSA and sodium azide as a preservative.
Preparation and Storage
Store at 2 to 8 degree C in the dark.
OMIM
138290
Localization
Cytoplasmic
Control
Liver, Tonsil, Testis, Prostate, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Bladder TCC
Intended Use
This antibody is intended for use in Immunohistochemical applications on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE), frozen tissue sections and cell preparations.
Immunogen
Human Glutamine Synthetase aa. 1-373.
Precautions
1. This product contains <0.1% sodium azide (NaN3) as a preservative. Ensure proper handling procedures are used with this reagent.
2. Always wear personal protective equipment such as a laboratory coat, goggles, and gloves when handling reagents.
3. Dispose of unused solution with copious amounts of water.
4. Do not ingest reagent. If reagent is ingested, seek medical advice immediately.
5. Avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, flush with large quantities of water.
6. Follow safety precautions of the heating device used for epitope retrieval (TintoRetriever Pressure Cooker or similar).
7. For additional safety information refer to Safety Data Sheet for this product.
8. For complete recommendations for handling biological specimens, please refer to the CDC document, “Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and AMDL” (see References in this document).
Mounting Protocols
For detailed instructions using biodegradable permanent mounting media such as XyGreen PermaMounter or organic solvent based resin such as PermaMounter.
Product Limitations
Due to inherent variability present in immunohistochemical procedures (including fixation time of tissues, dilution factor of antibody, retrieval method utilized, and incubation time), optimal performance should be established through the use of positive and negative controls.
ISO Certification
Manufactured in an ISO 13485:2016 Certified Laboratory.
Applications Tested/Suitable for anti-GLUL antibody
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Formalin/Paraffin
Application Notes for anti-GLUL antibody
Frozen sections and cell preparations: The antibody can be used on acetone-fixed frozen sections and acetone-fixed cell preparations.

Specimen Preparation:
Paraffin sections: The antibody can be used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Ensure tissue undergoes appropriate fixation for best results. Pre-treatment of tissues with heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) is recommended using ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate, ImmunoDNA Retriever with EDTA, or ImmunoDNA Digestor. See reverse side for complete protocol. Tissue should remain hydrated via use of Bio SB Immuno/DNA Washer solutions. Frozen sections and cell preparations: The antibody can be used on acetone-fixed frozen sections and acetone-fixed cell preparations.

IHC Protocol
1. Cut and mount 3-5 micron formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues on positively charged slides such as Bio SB Hydrophilic Plus Slides.
2. Air dry for 2 hours at 58° C.
3. Deparaffinize, dehydrate, and rehydrate tissues.
4. Subject tissues to heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) using a suitable retrieval solution such as ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA.
5. Any of three heating methods may be used:

a. TintoRetriever Pressure Cooker or Equivalent Place tissues/slides in a staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA and place on trivet in the pressure cooker. Add 1-2 inches of distilled water to the pressure cooker and turn heat to high. Incubate for 15 minutes. Open and immediately transfer slides to room temperature.
b. TintoRetriever PT Module or Water Bath Method Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA at 95°-99° C. Incubate for 30-60 minutes.
c. Conventional Steamer Method Place tissues/slides in a pre-warmed staining dish or coplin jar containing the ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA in a steamer, cover and steam for 30-60 minutes.

6. After heat treatment, transfer slides in ImmunoDNA Retriever with Citrate or EDTA to room temperature and let stand for 15-20 minutes.
7. For manual IHC, perform antibody incubation at ambient temperature. For automated IHC methods, perform antibody incubation according to instrument manufacturer’s instructions.
8. Wash slides with ImmunoDNA washer or DI water.
9. Continue IHC protocol. Wash slides between each step with ImmunoDNA washer solution.

Dilution Information of anti-GLUL antibody

Mouse Anti-GLUL Monoclonal Antibody – Cat# MBS370304

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of anti-GLUL antibody

IHC of Glutamine Synthetase on an FFPE Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue
Mouse Anti-GLUL Monoclonal Antibody, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – Cat# MBS370304

Abbreviated Immunohistochemical Protocol of anti-GLUL antibody

Mouse Anti-GLUL Monoclonal Antibody, Abbreviated Immunohistochemical Protocol – Cat# MBS370304

Other Notes

Small volumes of anti-GLUL antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

Searchable Terms for GLUL purchase

MBS370304 is an antibody targeting GLUL. Also known as Glutamine Synthetase. Reactive in Human (Predicted: Mouse, Rat). Host: Mouse.

Additional Details

NCBI/Uniprot data below describe general gene information for GLUL. It may not necessarily be applicable to this product.

NCBI GI #
74271826
NCBI GeneID
2752
NCBI Accession #
NP_001028228.1
UniProt Secondary Accession #
Q499Y9; Q5T9Z1; Q7Z3W4; Q8IZ17
UniProt Related Accession #
P15104
GenBank Nucleotide #
NM_001033056.3
NCBI Official Full Name
glutamine synthetase
NCBI Official Synonym Full Names
glutamate-ammonia ligase
NCBI Official Symbol
GLUL
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
GS; GLNS; PIG43; PIG59
UniProt Protein Name
Glutamine synthetase
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
Glutamate decarboxylase (EC:4.1.1.15); Glutamate--ammonia ligase
Protein Family
Glutamine synthetase
UniProt Gene Name
GLUL
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
GLNS; GS
UniProt Entry Name
GLNA_HUMAN
NCBI Protein Information
glutamine synthetase

NCBI Summary for GLUL

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]
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UniProt Comments for GLUL

GLUL: This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner. Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Defects in GLUL are the cause of congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD). CSGD is a rare developmental disorder with severe brain malformation resulting in multi-organ failure and neonatal death. Glutamine is largely absent from affected patients serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.

Protein type: Energy Metabolism - nitrogen; Amino Acid Metabolism - arginine and proline; Ligase; EC 4.1.1.15; Amino Acid Metabolism - alanine, aspartate and glutamate; EC 6.3.1.2

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q31

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; mitochondrion; myelin sheath; nerve terminal; nucleus; perikaryon; protein complex; rough endoplasmic reticulum

Molecular Function: ATP binding; dynein light chain binding; glutamate binding; glutamate decarboxylase activity; glutamate-ammonia ligase activity; identical protein binding; magnesium ion binding; manganese ion binding; protein binding

Biological Process: amino acid biosynthetic process; ammonia assimilation cycle; cell proliferation; cellular response to starvation; glutamate catabolic process; glutamine biosynthetic process; neurotransmitter uptake; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; protein homooligomerization; response to glucose stimulus

Disease: Glutamine Deficiency, Congenital
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Research Articles on GLUL

1. GLUL rs10911021 is associated prospectively with adjudicated cardiovascular composite end points among overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Precautions

All of MyBioSource's Products are for scientific laboratory research purposes and are not for diagnostic, therapeutics, prophylactic or in vivo use. Through your purchase, you expressly represent and warrant to MyBioSource that you will properly test and use any Products purchased from MyBioSource in accordance with industry standards. MyBioSource and its authorized distributors reserve the right to refuse to process any order where we reasonably believe that the intended use will fall outside of our acceptable guidelines.

Disclaimer

While every efforts were made to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this datasheet, MyBioSource will not be liable for any omissions or errors contained herein. MyBioSource reserves the right to make changes to this datasheet at any time without prior notice.

It is the responsibility of the customer to report product performance issues to MyBioSource within 30 days of receipt of the product. Please visit our Terms & Conditions page for more information.

Product Note

Select online data sheet information is drawn from bioinformatics databases, occasionally resulting in ambiguous or non-relevant product information. It is the responsibility of the customer to review, verify, and evaluate the information to make sure it matches their requirements before purchasing the kit. Our ELISA Kit assays are dynamic research tools and sometimes they may be updated and improved. If the format of this assay is important to you then please request the current manual or contact our technical support team with a presales inquiry before placing an order. We will confirm the current details of the assay. We cannot guarantee the sample manual posted online is the most current manual, it is intended to serve as an example only. Please refer to the instructions For Use provided with the assay kit for precise details.

Product PubMed Publications

Pathways associated with anti-GLUL antibody

 Products by Pathway  Pathway Diagram
 Alanine, Aspartate And Glutamate Metabolism Pathway antibodies  Alanine, Aspartate And Glutamate Metabolism Pathway Diagram
 Alanine, Aspartate And Glutamate Metabolism Pathway antibodies  Alanine, Aspartate And Glutamate Metabolism Pathway Diagram
 Amino Acid Synthesis And Interconversion (transamination) Pathway antibodies  Amino Acid Synthesis And Interconversion (transamination) Pathway Diagram
 Arginine Biosynthesis Pathway antibodies  Arginine Biosynthesis Pathway Diagram
 Arginine Biosynthesis Pathway antibodies  Arginine Biosynthesis Pathway Diagram
 Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism Pathway antibodies  Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism Pathway Diagram
 Biosynthesis Of Amino Acids Pathway antibodies  Biosynthesis Of Amino Acids Pathway Diagram
 Biosynthesis Of Amino Acids Pathway antibodies  Biosynthesis Of Amino Acids Pathway Diagram
 GABA Shunt Pathway antibodies  GABA Shunt Pathway Diagram
 GABAergic Synapse Pathway antibodies  GABAergic Synapse Pathway Diagram

Diseases associated with anti-GLUL antibody

 Disease Name  Pubmed Publications
 Liver Diseases Antibodies  >9 publications with GLUL and Liver Diseases
 Liver Neoplasms Antibodies  >8 publications with GLUL and Liver Neoplasms
 Brain Diseases Antibodies  >6 publications with GLUL and Brain Diseases
 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Antibodies  >5 publications with GLUL and Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
 Neoplasms, Experimental Antibodies  >3 publications with GLUL and Neoplasms, Experimental
 Heart Diseases Antibodies  >3 publications with GLUL and Heart Diseases
 Liver Neoplasms, Experimental Antibodies  >3 publications with GLUL and Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
 Breast Neoplasms Antibodies  >2 publications with GLUL and Breast Neoplasms
 Memory Disorders Antibodies  >1 publications with GLUL and Memory Disorders
 Weight Loss Antibodies  >1 publications with GLUL and Weight Loss

Organs/Tissues associated with anti-GLUL antibody

 Organ/Tissue Name  Pubmed Publications
 Brain Antibodies  >18 publications with GLUL and Brain
 Eye Antibodies  >7 publications with GLUL and Eye
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