beta-TUBULIN Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

This gene encodes a beta tubulin protein. This protein forms a dimer with alpha tubulin and acts as a structural component of microtubules. Mutations in this gene cause cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants. There are multiple pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.

Subunit structure: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. May interact with RNABP10

By similarity. Interacts with PIFO. Interacts with MX1

By similarity. Ref.16

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton.

Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain. Ref.15

Domain: The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium.

Post-translational modification: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules

Probable.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the tubulin family.