Neuron-Specific Enolase (ENO2) Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

Function: Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival

By similarity.

Catalytic activity: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.

Cofactor: Magnesium. Required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.

Pathway: Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.

Subunit structure: Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

By similarity. Cell membrane

By similarity. Note: Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form

By similarity.

Tissue specificity: The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.

Developmental stage: During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.

Induction: Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the enolase family.

Sequence caution: The sequence AAA52388.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.