Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 1 (SUMO-1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Several pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Function: Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for instance in targeting RANGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2. Polymeric SUMO1 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins. May also regulate a network of genes involved in palate development. Ref.4 Ref.14 Ref.26 Ref.28

Subunit structure: Interacts with SAE2, UBE2I, RANBP2, PIAS1 and PIAS2. Interacts with PARK2. Covalently attached to a number of proteins such as IKFZ1, PML, RANGAP1, HIPK2, SP100, p53, p73-alpha, MDM2, JUN, DNMT3B and TDG. Also interacts with HIF1A, HIPK2, HIPK3, CHD3, EXOSC9, RAD51 and RAD52. Interacts with USP25 (via ts SIM domain); the interaction weakly sumoylates USP25. Interacts with SIMC1, CASP8AP2, RNF111 AND SOBP (via SIM domains). Ref.16 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.21 Ref.23 Ref.26 Ref.34

Subcellular location: Nucleus membrane. Nucleus speckle. Cytoplasm. Nucleus › PML body. Note: Recruited by BCL11A into the nuclear body

By similarity. Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 Ref.33

Post-translational modification: Cleavage of precursor form by SENP1 or SENP2 is necessary for function.Polymeric SUMO1 chains undergo polyubiquitination by RNF4.

Involvement in disease: Non-syndromic orofacial cleft 10 (OFC10) [MIM:613705]: A birth defect consisting of cleft lips with or without cleft palate. Cleft lips are associated with cleft palate in two-third of cases. A cleft lip can occur on one or both sides and range in severity from a simple notch in the upper lip to a complete opening in the lip extending into the floor of the nostril and involving the upper gum.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. A chromosomal aberation involving SUMO1 is the cause of OFC10. Translocation t(2;8)(q33.1;q24.3). The breakpoint occurred in the SUMO1 gene and resulted in haploinsufficiency confirmed by protein assays. Ref.24

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SUMO subfamily.Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain.