CX3CR1 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

Function: Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions. Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (in vitro). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 seem to be more potent HIV-1 coreceptors than isoform 1.

Subunit structure: Interacts with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) protein G; this interaction modulates host immune response. Interacts with HIV-1 envelope polyprotein gp160. Ref.10

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Tissue specificity: Expressed in lymphoid and neural tissues.

Polymorphism: Variations in CX3CR1 are associated with rapid progression to AIDS [

MIM:609423]. Increased susceptibility to HIV infection and rapid progression to AIDS are associated with the Ile-249/Met-280 haplotype.

Involvement in disease: Age-related macular degeneration 12 (ARMD12) [MIM:613784]: A form of age-related macular degeneration, a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane.Note: Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.16 Ref.17

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.