RED 1 Antibody – Sheep Polyclonal

This gene encodes a double-stranded-RNA-specific adenosine deaminase that is involved in editing pre-mRNAs by site-specific conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I). Substrates for this enzyme include ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluR2-6) and serotonin receptor (5HT2C). Studies in rodents have shown that this protein can modify its own pre-mRNA by A->I editing to create a novel acceptor splice site, alternative splicing to which results in down regulation of its protein expression. Additional splicing events result in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Function: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2 and GRIK2) and serotonin (HTR2C), GABA receptor (GABRA3) and potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA1). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alter their functional activities. Edits GRIA2 at both the Q/R and R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently

By similarity. Can inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can stimulate exocytosis. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4

Cofactor: Binds 1 inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) per subunit

By similarity.

Subunit structure: Homodimer. Homodimerization is essential for its catalytic activity

By similarity.

Subcellular location: Nucleus

By similarity. Nucleus › nucleolus

By similarity. Note: Shuttles between nucleoli and the nucleoplasm

By similarity.

Tissue specificity: Brain and peripheral tissues.

Sequence similarities: Contains 1 A to I editase domain.Contains 2 DRBM (double-stranded RNA-binding) domains.