ATRX Antibody – Rabbit

The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. The mutations of this gene are associated with an X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndrome most often accompanied by alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATRX: a global transcriptional regulator. Belongs to the SNF2 family of proteins, many of which modify gene expression via chromatin remodeling activity. Involved in the developmental silencing of imprinted genes in the brain. Contains one PxVxL motif, which is required for interaction with chromoshadow domains. This motif requires additional residues at -7, -6, +4 and +5 relative to the central V which contact the chromoshadow domain. Constitutive mutations in ATRX are associated with brain, facial, and genital abnormalities, and alpha thalassemia. Acquired mutations in ATRX have been observed in preleukemic conditions. Six alternatively spliced human isoforms have been described.

Protein type: DNA repair, damage; Ubiquitin conjugating system; EC 3.6.4.12; Helicase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: Xq21.1

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; PML body; nuclear heterochromatin; nucleus

Molecular Function: protein binding; DNA helicase activity; DNA binding; histone binding; zinc ion binding; chromatin binding; helicase activity; DNA translocase activity; methylated histone residue binding; ATP binding

Biological Process: transcription, DNA-dependent; DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; positive regulation of telomere maintenance; DNA repair; Sertoli cell development; DNA duplex unwinding; replication fork processing; DNA recombination; chromatin remodeling; nucleosome assembly; DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; forebrain development; DNA methylation; spermatogenesis; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Disease: Alpha-thalassemia/mental Retardation Syndrome, X-linked; Mental Retardation-hypotonic Facies Syndrome, X-linked, 1; Alpha-thalassemia Myelodysplasia Syndrome