GZMA Antibody – Goat Polyclonal

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GZMA: This enzyme is necessary for target cell lysis in cell- mediated immune responses. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Involved in apoptosis. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with APEX1. Dexamethasone (DEX) induces expression of isoform beta and represses expression of isoform alpha. The alteration in expression is mediated by binding of glucocorticoid receptor to independent promoters adjacent to the alternative first exons of isoform alpha and isoform beta. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Granzyme subfamily. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative promoter.

Protein type: Protease; Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted; EC 3.4.21.78; Apoptosis

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q11-q12

Cellular Component: extracellular region; immunological synapse; nucleus

Molecular Function: protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; serine-type endopeptidase activity

Biological Process: apoptosis; cytolysis; immune response; negative regulation of DNA binding; negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity; negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity; positive regulation of apoptosis; proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process